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NEW SERIES. NO, 24-VOL. IV.] BALTIMORE, AUGUST 7, 1819. [No. 24-Vol. XVI. WHOLE No. 414

THE FAST—THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE,

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE,

As the present volume of the REGISTER Closes common honesty in the governments of Spain and with the current month, and as it hath been the good Great Britain that the world will blush to witness. custom of a number of the friends of the work to pay We think that the treaty will yet be ratified, as the year in advance before the current one was ex-soon as time is allowed for Spanish dignity to do pired, it may save trouble to remind such gentle-business-but in any event, we trust there will not men and others, that a supplement, to cost one dol-be any further negociation on the subject. We have Par, is printing for this volume, and so far advanced dealt frankly with Spain-the treaty was every as to be finished by the time that the volume is com-way advantageous to her, as well as convenient to pleted. This supplement contains many valuable us, and it is time that the spoliations on our com. debates and public papers, and other things which merce and the use of Florida as an enemy's country, were thought necessary to a history of the times, or were settled and terminated. If she will not act otherwise proper to be preserved, for reference or upon these as she ought, after so much entreaty, let *To printers of newspapers.—A large exchange interferes, it will be a quarrel of her own seeking, the consequence be upon her own head. If Britain is kept up with papers that are of no manner of use and though to be regretted, it will effect a perma to the editor of the REGISTER, on the liberal princi-nent good by relieving us of the vassalage in which ple, however, that the difference is price was gene- we are now held through her manufactures. rally to be paid arrearages on this account must be discharged and the advance for the year for- "Old Benjamin" was a grand negociator. The U. S. ship Franklin lately visited Cadiz......... warded, or the exchange will be stopped on the 1st of Sept. next. This resolution is not intended to affect such publishers as the editor has felt it right, on any account, to make a compliment to of the difference in price.

amusement,

titAnother number on the "mitigation of slavery," part in type, was laid aside to make room for the account of the trials of certain persons as pirates, at Richmond. The series shall be completed with the volume.

ror of Russia has demanded that the king of Prus
MORE NEWS! We have a report that the empe-
sia shall abdicate his throne, in favor of his family.
There is not any probability of truth in this.

Labor-its Products and Checks. The transfer of any considerable portion of a po pulation, situated as the people of the United States GREAT NEWS FROM SPAIN! The United States ship though now severely felt, does not seem to be unare, from the productive to the consuming classes Hornet left Cadiz on the 2nd ult. and arrived at Newderstood, as to its operation. We will endeavor to York on the 30th. Capt. Read, bearing despatches, reached Washington city on Monday last.

shew this operation as briefly as we can-always We only learn that the treaty for the cession of ty for any one to be idle, on account of a superfluity recollecting, that in this country there is no necessiFlorida, &c. was not ratified on the 22nd of June, of laborers, and that we receive commodities to a the day that capt. R. left Madrid.-that whether it vast amount from abroad, which ought to be made at would or would not be ratified, was uncertain-it home. Hence it is, that tho'a superfluity of laborers being said that Ferdinand's ministers were oppos- does not exist, there is a severe want of employment, ed to it from fear of exciting the displeasure of Great It is estimated that there are 20,000 persons daily Britain, and it was idly repórted by some, that the seeking work in Philadelphia-in New York, 10,000 grand expedition, intended for South America, al-able bodied men are said to be wandering the streets most ready for sea, of 18,000 men, &c, would be di-looking for it, and if we add to them the women rected to the protection of the Floridas! It is understood that Don Onis, who so suddenly less than 20,000-in Baltimore there may be about who desire something to do, the amount cannot be left our country after the treaty was concluded, will 10,000 persons in unsteady employment, or actualsucceed the marquis De Cassa Yrujo, as prime mi-ly suffering because they cannot get into business. nister of Ferdinand. Yrujo and his family were We know several decent men, lately "good livers," strangely taken from their dwelling in Madrid who now subsist on such victuals as two years ago, about the 20th of June, and have not since been they would not have given to their servants is the heard of. Some suppose they have been murdered; kitchen. Here are 50,000 persons, in three cities, but the crimes imputed to him are unknown. half employment-just enough to keep them from wholly or partially idle. Admit that they obtain becoming an incumbrance on others, and average the value of what they might earn at only fifty cents

If Onis thus succeeds Yrujo, and the treaty is not ratified within the period of its limitation, which expires about the 24th of this month, the act can

bear only one construction-that of a deliberate per day, and the amount of loss is-12,500 dollars 300

design to heap insult on injury, and the course of per day-75,000 per week-two millions per month,
proceeding which we ought to follow will be clear- &c. Here we see how it is that the want of employ
ly indicated which is to redress ourselves, if we strikes at national wealth: the cities however, are al-
can. And, if the British ministers, after their expli-ways overcharged with unproductive persons, as
cit avowal in parliament, that they had no right to
interfere in the matter, have interfered, we may con-
clude that they have also resolved to take part
with Spain, if a controversy should arise on ac
count of her misconduct to the United States. We
are very unwilling to believe that either of these
Things can happen: they would shew a want of
VoL. KVI.26,

well as infested with idlers; but now, thousands who
are best disposed to support themselves decently
by labor, are in a state of positive suffering-be-
cause they have not any thing to do.

REGISTEн, vol. XII) we came to certain conclusions
After a series of cautious calculations in 1817) see,
which we shall now use as data, upon simply -

300000

tempting to shew that they may with propriety be merce stands to the home market as 45 is 77% or as assuummed as such.

The aggregate annual yalue of all the agricultural products of the U. S, including the product of the forest, the food for horses, grain distilled, &c. was estimated to amount to And the like aggregate of all other articles consumed or used, to sup ply the wants and wishes of the people, at

The amount of the exports of that year, of domestic articles, was

$462,534,000

one is to seventeen! YET THIS COMMERCE IS TO BE
PRIZED AS TENDING TO FIX THE VALUE ON THE GENYRAL
AMOUNT PRODUCED, SO FAR AS ONE MAN SUPPLIES THE
WANTS OF ANOTAƑN, AT HOME OR ABROAD.

The value of the importations of the year (1817) is not estimated, though the official table is given in the present volume. The real foreign cost of them in 1816 was estimated by a very intelligent friend, and published in detail in vol. XV,pages 210, 211, of 310,000,000 the REGISTER, at 129,500,000 dollars; which were in part paid for by exports of domestic and foreign $772,534,000 goods to the amount of 81 millions-leaving an opparent balance against the U. S. for that year of 47,600,000.

68,313,500

The imports of 1817, though excessive, were not so great as those of 1816; but on the principles of the estimated value of those of that year, they may have amounted to 110,000,000 And were in part paid for by domestic produce exported

68,313,500

This amount, enormous as it is, will not appear extravagant, when by the simple rule of three we know that it gives only about the seventy eight dollars to each person, to feed and clothe him, furnish his drinks, support his horses, build and repair his houses, (so far as manufactures are consumed there-Foreign commodities, do. 19,358,069 87,671,569 in), furnish all sorts of implements and working Apparent balance against tools, except on account of the labor immediately United States, 1817 employed on them, &c. &c. &c. Indeed, we are convinced that we are much below the real amount of the cost of the articles thus consumed in the United States, by nine millions of people-whose clothing, alone, we have valued at 178 millions, in part of the 310 just above given.

It is proper to remark that the exports of 1817, amounted to a greater value, in part owing to the high prices of cotton, tobacco or bread stuffs, than any year before. In 1816, the amount was nearly 65 millions-but the average of 15 years, from 1813 to 1817, both inclusive, was only about thirty nine millions. The returns of the year 1818, are not yet published, but will shew a much diminished amount, and. we are doubtful if those of 1819, will exceed forty-five millions, if they come up to that sum. We mean of domestic articles, of course.t

$22,328,431

From the elements furnished by the preceding statements and calculations, we shall now make some deductions as immediately applicable to a consideration of the things before us.

The balance of trade against the United States, when Europe is at peace, must be satisfied thus1. By the exportation of specie, and thereby de range what otherwise might be a wholesome paper currency.

2. The transfer of our government and other stocks, wherein the profit, or interest thereon, is lost to our country forever, and the principal itself must be refunded.

3. By bankruptcies among our importers, now plentiful enough and spreading havoc through the social body-affecting labor in all its various pursuits, and destroying confidence between man and man.

But taking 45 millions as the proper amount of our exports, and comparing it with the above 772 millions, the value of articles produced in the Unit- [We do not know how the balance is to be ed States, or needful to the wants and wishes of the satisfied for the time being, in any other way--but people, and we see that our boasted foreign com-pay-day as to our stocks, must come; and if the discharge of the pitiful sum of $2,609,000 of the LouiThe support of paupers in the United States, for siana debt has caused, (as some pretend to say that food and clothing, &c.has an average cost of more it has) the present great difficulty as to money matthan 45 dollars for each person. See sundry state-ters in the U. S. what must we expect from the ments and returns on this subject in the REGISTER: mighty sums hereafter to be sent to Europe on ac an average of $78 cannot, therefore, be esteemed count of our other stocks held there?] too high, when we recollect that that sum includes not only the amount expended for food and clothing but for all other manufactured goods or articles in any wise consumed.

we

But there must needs be an end to all these are rapidly approaching it at this time, and the sooner we prepare for it the better. A regard must be had to POLITICAL ECONOMY-we cannot much Some French economists several years ago, esti- longer neglect it, if we would. Until now, the remated the whole product of the labor of France to sources of our country had supported as in carrying give about 600 francs for each family-say about 20 on a pernicious trade-but these resources are neardollars for each person. It is not easy for an Ame-ly exhausted, and frugality must be the order of the rican to imagine how a people can be supported at day. The government will soon feel the effect of that rate. But the manner of living among the these things on individuals; and a great diminution French is very different from our's-one person in of revenue, as derived from duties on goods importthe United States consumes as much of value here,fed, ought to be calculated upon with certainty, for as regulated by money, in the meat which he eats, years to come. as would maintain a peasant's family in the interior of France.

Let us now consider the effect of an extra importation, on home industry. The operation is the A very sensible writer estimates that our cotton same as that of an export to foreigners an excess of this year, will yield us not so much as it did in the last importation regulates the price of domestic fabricks, by 10 millions, that in the value of bread stuffs ex-just as an export to foreign countries fixes the price ported, there will be a deficiency of between 4 and 5 of all the commodities that it partially deals in. It millions, and in tobacco of 3 millions. In these is important that this should be clearly understood, three articles, eighteen millions of dollars. and we shall attempt to explain it.

Admit that the price of wheat is 100 cents per those who immediately manufacture for their own bushel. A certain district of country produces use; nay, even the latter are affected by it-for eve 1000 bushels more than its inhabitants can consume, ry one puts some ideal price on the value of their though 10000 are consumed within the district- labor, and a man or woman will rather be perfectly one half by the growers of the grain, leaving 5000 idle than work to produce an article which, if they bushels for their profit of cultivation, or to pay the have the means of buying it, they can buy for less blacksmith, shoemaker, hatter, &c. and purchase than one half of such ideal value. The loss by want articles of clothing, sugar, coffee, &c. whether of of production is thus added to the loss of price on foreign or domestic product. Now it would appear goods made for sale, and the aggregate is enormous. advantageous to the cultivators to destroy the excess This we think, must be evident to every reflecting 1000 bushels, to keep up the price of the 5000 that mind. they have to spare; for this 1000 of positive excess will reduce the price of the whole [spare] quantity to 75 cents per bushel; ou the other hand, a demand for 2000 bushels when only 1000 could be spared, would raise the price to the neighboring consumed to 150 cents per bush.

The demand, therefore, like a little leaven, "leaveneth the whole lump."

It is a great mistake when the consumer of such goods (other than the original manufacturer) always believes that a reduction in their price is advantageous to himself. It is so, to persons with fixed salaries, such as officers of government and others who in any way live upon incomes, whose amount is not to be changed by probable circumstances. But these are a very small part, though a powerful one It is thus also in respect to manufactured articles in society, and their case is of no importance to a -if a certain district of country consumes only 1000 liberal consideration of the subject. Nine tenths, yards of cloth in a year, and 1100 are brought into if not nineteen twentieths of the people have more it and must be disposed of therein, the aggregate or less a dependence upon a market for the products value of 1100 yards will be less than that of the 1000 of their labor-and it is no matter to what purpose would have been. The excess makes a drug in the that laber is appropriated, if the person applying it market, and as every one would be desirous to re- does not immediately consume its product by himlieve himself of such excess, a depreciation of price on the whole quantity must obtain. But the loss by such depreciation is only the beginning of evils.

self or his family. If the profit in any branch of business is too small to subsist a person comfortably, it follows that in a country like the United States, where land is plenty and the people few, and every In the last three years it may be agreed, that we one has liberty to pursue what occupation he pleahave received cotton and woolen goods, &c. to the ses, he will abandon it as soon as he can, and take amount of not less than 30 millions more than the up another that is more profitable. An excess of regular market required-that is, to the value of 10 persons in profitable employment follows, until millions a year. Though this amount is less than that too becomes unprofitable, and another change one fourth of the general value of such goods im- is necessary. It is for the benefit of every class in ported, we see that it has effected a reduction of society, that each class, usefully employed, should price in the whole quantity, cqual to 33 1-3 per earn a comfortable subsistence-so one class may cent. The common distress of the dealers in dry-deal liberally with another, and money have a rapid goods affords us lamentable proof of the deprecia-circulation. Let us try to make this appear. tion which we speak of. It would then seem evi. We say that the people of the United States anclent that if this excess of 10 millions per annum,nually consume bread stuffs, meats and domestic lihad been sunk to the bottom of the sea, at the loss quors to the amount of ́ of those concerned in manufacturing, shipping or That it costs for the support of their importing it, or of all together, that the general profit on the business at large, would have been increased supposing that a general profit has been made,

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253,612,000

61,000,000

6,000,000

+$320,612,000

20,000,000 340,612,000

But this excess strikes at the whole amount of goods manufactured or consumed in the United States. We take it as datum that the whole cost of clothing the people of the U. S. amounts to 178 millions (see vol. XI, page 273], of which, for the sake Now, it seems that the foreign market will take of the exposition, we will admit that the foreign sup- off only one seventeenth part of such agricultural proply might rightfully be 30 millions, the rest from our ducts-yet that small part, regarding the general own manufacturing establishments, including all of product as merchandize, fixes the rate of value on hats, leather, &c. &c. and the product of household the whole amount. Stop the export altogether, or industry, the most desirable of all. But the little ex-raise bread stuffs and meats for the foreign market cess just above stated, only one sevententh of the to the amount of 40 millions, when only 20 can be sent whole quantity, having first prostrated the price of away (supposing the crop to be otherwise as usual), all foreign goods, with accumulated power attacks and it is probable that the price of every barrel of the domestic fabricks, and depresses the value of all made in the United States, beyond the wants of

flour made for sale will be reduced one fourth. The general profit to the farmer is thus reduced 25 per cent. on its whole value, so far as it is controvertable *We learn that a large quantity of wheat has arrived at the eastward from the Mediterranean-- *It is an immutable truth, which cannot be too 5000 bushelsin one parcel, a part of which has been strongly impressed on the mind by being too often seat to New York and sold for fifty cents per bush-urged, that it is the ability to pay for an article which el. It is thought that this wheat will not make as constitutes the value of its price to the consumer. The nice flour as our own, but it will probably make the man that earns $10 per day, may buy green peas sort called "fine." at $2 per peck; but the laborer who get 50 cents, Let the principles established in this essay be ap-must purchase potatoes, or some other cheap vegie plied to the fact before us, for the reflection of the table. political economist.

¡See rol XII, page 277.

into money, or exchangable for commodities which dollars, in the sum of 7000! These things are stated he wants, except some small diminution in the cost of, for example only. The proposed consumption of labor paid for by him, of very little effect on the tobacco, by the cotton planters, would not amount aggregate product of his farm-and he has to give to much as to quantity, when compared with the four bushels of wheat for something which he might have obtained for three. This is a severe reduction of PROFITS.

whole crop raised; but the value given to it in the new market would be equal to almost one sixth of all that it produces by export. We see that a demand for one seventeenth part of our bread stuffs and meats, gives life and spirit to the great number of persons engaged in growing grain and rearing cattle, and may thereby appreciate the effect which this proposed demand and value given to tobacco, would generally have upon that commodity, and the comparatively small number of persons engaged in its cultivation-ever recollecting, that it is the amount of and demand for the SURPLUS, that fixes the price on the whole quantity of an article, whether the product of agriculture or manufactures.

Again the present product of cotton for the supply of the world, is more than equal to the wants or wishes of the people for cotton goods-or else greater than their means to purchase them; for it is a fact, that the sale of such goods is violently forced. But the lands that might be appropriated to the cultivation of cotton, are equal to the supply of twenty worlds lie this, if the people thereof desired the commodity and we would open a trade with them. To localize the matter and give force to these important facts, let us suppose, (and it is not very far from the truth, that the general amount o the cotton crop in the United States may be esti-modity is appreciating in consequence of a foreign mated at 130 millions of pounds-rather more than one half of which may be exported.

Here again let us remark, that if the value of a comdemand, all persons engaged in producing that com. modity and all those whom they principally deal with at home, are prosperous. An extra demand in Europe for double the amount of our common exports of bread stuffs, would be felt by an American farmer located at Green Bay, on lake Michigan, so far as he raised a surplus of grain beyond his famil wants. The reverse of this takes place when the value ofa commodity is depreciating, because there is no demand for the ordinary surplus--if the surplus be of extraordinary amount from uncommon goodness of crops, the depreciation in price is not so material, for the unusual profit may still be realized.

That very accurate observer, Mr. Darby, in his valuable tract on Louisiana, tells us that a person employed in raising cotton, at 15 cents per lb. will produce 180 dollars per annum-or, in other words 1200lb. to the hand-[See vol. X. p. 355]. Then it appears that to produce the aforesaid 130 millions, it will employ about 108,000 persons, and no more; but say they only raise 1000lbs. each, and they will amount to 130,000. We have lands enough in the United States fitted to the growth of cotton, to employ at least two millions of hands. But suppose we transfer from tobacco, &c. only 130,000, and what would be the state of our cotton planters? Can any By the progress of science and the arts, as appliman believe that this simple operation, (a thing cable to every branch of human industry, the fact. which indeed, is now rapidly going on) would not appears very evident that the capacity of production reduce the general price of cotton at least one third in the population of the civilized world, is far beyond -would it not reduced it 50 per cent? We think the wants, wishes or means of the people, in a state that it would. The demand is nearly or quite filled of peace and regular consumption. Hence it is, up, but the capacity to produce the article is of an that in thickly settled countries, where men are enormous extent. It is then the interest of the cot. plenty and land is scarce, that much distress and ton planter to encourage the growth of tobacco, misery prevails-assisted however, by the heavy &c.—and better that he should pay one dollar per taxes laid upon production for the support of des lb, for what he wants for himself, than that it should potic governments. But in the United States, bé so reduced in price as to lead to the transfer of where land is plenty and men are scarce, and the 150,000 laborers from Maryland, Virginia, &c. demand of government is comparatively light, exto the cotton-growing states. But the reverse of treme misery cannot easily prevail, if the laboring this was the argument of our cotton planters, in re- people are content to live on potatoes, and bread made. spect to demestic manufactures, in their late pros-of the offals of our grin, as black almost as a man's perous cultivation. Let us see how a planter with 50 working slaves, might be affected by these principles of things

50 hands will raise 50,000lbs. of cotton at 15 cents, or

Deduct from the profit, 10lbs. of tobacco

for each hand, at $1 per lb. (which is about the whole value, perhaps, of the clothing which is bought annually for slaves)

500lbs.

hat, as millions do in Europe, eating meat only once in a week or once in a year. This however, does not suit our appetites, and we will not agree to it, if we can help it. No one has a better right to live well, $7500 than the man that works for his living; and in this country, happily, the most of these are an integrat part of the government and may influence its decisions, and command-that labor shall have its reward. It is no matter to us, at present, that the world is 500 overstocked with laborers--that their surplus products are sold at such prices as sends tens of thousands of them supperless to bed; this is not our case yet-we can live by ourselves and of ourselves, independent of all the nations in the world; and it is our design to enjoy this state of things as long as we can, by a due apportionment of labor, so that all being reasonably employed, may be happy in indus try without drudgery, and have as much of good 6000 things as they desire to eat. But, as before ob15 served, a general surplus is created, and the market is forced by depreciated prices, thus insiduously attacking the capacity of production, and causing people to buy what they might just as well make for themselves. Hence it is that war,

Profit of the crop 7000 But if the labor appropriated to tobacco, because it will fetch only 3 cents per lb. be transferred to the cultivation of cotton, and the price thereof is depreciated only one-fifth, instead of one-third, as we believe that in such a case it must be, the amount would stand thus:

50,000lbs. of cotton at 12 cents Deduct 500lbs, of tobacco at 3 cents.

5985 And the difference of the annual profit would be me seventh of the whole, wanting 15 dollars; 985

pestilence and even famine, are regarded as par- that every person could be usefully employed eight Tial benefits by some speculatists, that their waste or ten hours in a day, at a wholesome business, of commodites and of life itself, may furnish vents there is no doubt but that society would be bene. for the one, and diminish the means of furnishing fitted by it-but when oppression makes it necessa goods by the other. We well recollect the effects of ry that a person should labor sixteen hours in a day our late war, trifling as the contest was compared to live meanly, the state of the society must be miwith the mighty efforts of European powers. It serable indeed. We, more than any other people did not draw off or divert from their usual avocations on the globe, have the power to regulate this-we of life, more than a hundredth part of our population, may encourage labor and at the same time promote taking in all persons engaged in the manufactures the happiness of the persons employed, leading and works pertaining to it; yet business was them to independence, and increasing by their proLively, every body seemed to have enough to do, duction the strength of our country, through popu and the products of agriculture, except such as lation and wealth. mainly depended on a foreign market, were at high The fact is--the time has arrived when someprices. These facts are mentioned simply to shew thing more than professions will be required of our that there is little, if any surplus labor in the United executive officers and legislators, in favor of home States; if the war had lasted three years more, eve-industry. Enough has been said about friendly disry person, male or female, from old age to infancy, positions to support it. The distress of the people desirous of employment, might have easily found has reached an alarming extent, and there is no conit and at liberal wages. siderate man in our large cities and towns that looks The return of peace and the great importation of to the approaching winter, without anticipating foreign goods, has materially changed the state of scenes of misery such as he never before witnessed. things. We begin to feel the miseries of the peo- The great political questions which heretofore agiple of the old world, and it is now necessary that we tated the people about democrats and federalists, should defend ourselves. The superabundance of are lost in the weighty matter, whether we shall sufour domestic products, that we can find a market fer at home for the profit of foreigners, or support for abroad, cannot stand in competition with the our own people in all their laudable undertakings? perfected labor of the old nations, assisted by ca- Whether we shall become wretched by a suicide-lepital and machinery, in the manufacture of goods,-gislation, or regain health by a wholesome adminisbecause one person there so assisted, produces a tration of our resources-whether, to make a pleavalue equal to that of many agricultural persons sant-looking treasury report, shewing a balance of here. It may be easily proved, though as an agricul-eight or ten millions in favor of government, we tural nation only, we might not starve for want of will agree to continue to sacrifice many tens of milfood, that we should have to forego most of the comforts and conveniencies that we now enjoy, and no longer clothe ourselves in broadcloths and silks, --for at the very highest prices for their our surplus articles of agriculture for export, they never have amounted to 70 millions, whereas it requires 178 millions to clothe us, as we are now clothed-and we want thousands of other things, for as many thousand purposes. As simple agriculturists we should become almost as poor as Arabs, and be as shewers of wood and drawers of water" to nations more happily combining the power and resources of agriculture, manufactures and commerce, to produce national wealth.

To exemplify this-we hear of a manufactory at Waltham, in Massachusetts, which with about 300 persons, assisted by 200 power looms and other machinery, manufacture about 450,000lbs. of cotton, making about 1,250,000 yards of cloth, of an average value of 25 cents, per annum, equalto $312,500 Deduct the raw cotton at 18 cents per lb. 81,000

lions which the people ought to have and enjoy. Let every freeman take his stand now-now is always the best time to do a thing which can be done, if it ought to be donc-let every man pledge himself to his own conscience to refuse his countenance and support to any person inimical to home industry. This paper dabbles not in party politics-it. never interferes with the persons of the ins or outs—but the editor frankly confesses he is disgusted to learn that English paper, for an example, is still used in the PUBLIC OFFICES at Washington city; knowing, as he does, that American paper, good enough for the proudest man in the world to write upon, can be had and at 25 percent. cheaper, (or more) than' the foreign article cost us-and that this manufacture, working up a raw material which without it would be wholly lost to the country, and employing a great number of persons, men, women and children, flags for want of its consumption. This brings to mind a piece of impudence which has before been noticed in the REGISTER-Some fellow was bold enough a short time ago, to get American protections printed, (which, by the bye, ought never to have been written or printed at all) on British paper, water-marked "London!" Of paper, the editor may be presumed to speak against his interest, if that interest can be affected by the exclusion of British and other foreign paper for he causes a consumption of the article to the amount of nearly 5000 dollars a year, and if it were to raise 25 per cent. in consequence of such exclusion, he should not receive one cent more for the products of his establishment than he does now, on that account. But he has no reason to fear any thing of the kind— It must be admitted, that the capacity of labor in competition will keep down the price to a reasonthe United States, is yet far short of its ultimate po-able profit, and the happiness of many thousand duction, as compatible with the happiness of society. persons would be increased by its encouragement Constant, regular employment, is conducive to and extension. health and morals--idleness is the fountain of evil, Finally--the Alpha and Omega of our politics is and source of disease. Application to business is a that the people of the United States shall be severy different thing from drudgery--if it were so lepted 20 all their natural and rightful advantages-#t

$231,500 This gives a product equal to more than 700 dollars for each hand-- three fourths of whom at least, are women and children, to give a profit on the capital and make a profit for themselves. There is no product of agriculture that can compare with this in amount c♪ profit to the country, though not so great to the individuals who own the manufactory, on account of the heavy investment of capital, cost of repairs, &c. all which, however, is kept within the home circulation, and tends to make money "plenty," as the saying is.

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