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bers to Detroit, and we have a subscriber or two at | exceedingly fine specimen of diamond crystallised the other places. has been found in the sand of a small stream in the St. Louis, now a port on the Mississippi, then north of Ireland. It is of the species called by laat about the extreme point of the emigrant's voy-pidaries the yellow diamond, of extreme beauty, age in that direction-is turned into a starting place, and remarkable size. A discovery of this kind, and the REGISTER is received 3 or 400 miles further should it lead to further similar results, will be west. enough to change the distinguishing title of the emerald isle.

We have also the "Port of Franklin." As this town containing nearly 1000 inhabitants, is not yet even laid down upon any of our own maps, and the lord Sheffields will be bothered to find out where it is, we may tell them that it is at a place called Boon's Lick, which is situated somewhere on the Missouri, 3 or 400 miles up.

Foreign Articles.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,

The British are lucky of late-the duchess of Kent has lately had a little baby that may be a mistress for them!

FRANCE.

The king has refused to permit marshals Soult and Grouchy, gen. Pire, Mr. Real and col. Millinet to return to France. Their petition is said to have been drawn up injudiciously-a little too free, perhaps.

On the 23d of May, the French budget of expen: diture was discussed. M. L. De Villeveque ascended the tribune, and he took occasion to glance at the United States, which he termed "a flourishing republic," and observed that the cession of Louisiana consolidated its power. He seemed to dread the probable effects of our power forty years hence, and asks whether France ought not to have interdicted the sale of Louisiana to the United States. He makes a grand fling at the "usurper," Bonaparte, for his conduct in this business, in sacrificing the inam-terests of the country to recruit his treasury for his own aggrandizement.

The person to whom the British nation pays about 250,000 dollars a year, because he married an English woman, has lately returned from Germany. He is called prince Leopold.

The account of the reception of the Persian bassador by the prince regent, occupies a whole column in the London newspapers. Every thing was in dandy stile.

It is reported in the fashionable circles that ladies' Leghorn hats, of the new fabric, are selling at from thirty shillings to thirty guineas each.

The holy oil. Extract of a letter from Paris, dated 21st of May-The coronation of his majesty is at length definitively fixed, for the third time, to take place on the 25th of August next. As the holy oil, the Sainte Empaule, which, according to tradition, A fellow has been sentenced at the Old Bailey to is absolutely essential to the ceremony, was de transportation for seven years, for stealing a child.stroyed during the revolution, a new miracle wil The attorney-general has introduced into the be necessary for its production, and the missionaries house of commons, a bill to prevent the enlistment fancy they have so well prepared the credulity of of British subjects in the service of foreign states, the French nation, that they may hazard one withwithout the permission of their own government; out danger. Unfortunately the secret has escaped and a circular has been issued from the war office, too soon. One of those holy men is now instructing (under date of the 26th of May) desiring the per- a carrier-pigeon to light on the shoulder of an effigy sons to whom it was addressed, to transmit to the dressed in the grand costume of the archbishop of secretary of war, with the least possible delay, a Rheims. It already performs its task tolerably well, list of all British officers, whether on half-pay or but by mistake sometimes lights on that of its masotherwise, who are now holding any military ap-ter: however, by the 25th of August, there is no pointment in the Spanish or Portuguese service, doubt of its being quite perfect in its part, and that or in the service of any foreign power. it will alight with the bottle of the holy oil tied The earl of Camden's offices produces him about round its neck, on the archb shop, at the proper $260,000-(more than ten times the salary of the moment, unless any indiscretion in prophesying the president of the United States) a year: but what is event, make the miracle-worker change his intenmore extraordinary, he has relinquished the income tion. I am far from believing the archbishop of of them to government, and therefor received the Rheims to be capable of lending a sanction to such .. unanimous thanks of parliament. But this is "throw-an impious cheat; but it is not the less true that ing out a sprat to catch a mackarel," for he has had there is a priest weak enough to believe it might the most of his offices for many years. How is it possi-pass, and wicked enough to attempt it. This expoble that any man's services can be worth a sum sure will, it is hoped, prevent its being carried furlike this? The earl has enough of money, but wants a little fame, and he has got it cheaply,-by giving up a profit which he cannot earn, though he night possess it.

It is remarkable that gold and silver bullion are falling in value, and both very difficult of sale: the nominal price of gold is 80s. and dollars only 5s. 2d.

an ounce.

The average price of wheat has been ascertained to be 738 7d. so the ports will remain shut the following quarter. Cottons remain very low-Uplands 12 1-4d. New Orleans below 13d.

American stocks. London May 29,-6 per cents 101; bank shares 24 to 24/ 108. British stocks,-3 per cent. consols 664; all kinds of stock low.

ther."

SPAIN.

London paper.

Two ships of 70 guns, and a frigate of 50, were expected to sail from Cadiz for Lima, on the 10th of May. They do not take out any troops.

It is now said the expedition from Cadiz is to corsist of 50,000 men, to be commanded by the marquis d'Yrujo. Has any body calculated the means needful to carrry 50,000 soldiers across the Atlantic, and prepare them for battle?

PORTUGAT

The following edict may hint wisdom to some in the United States:

EDICT.-Being presented to his majesty the clamours of the owners and tenants of tillage lands, Irish Diamond. -A circumstance of a singular na-against the extraordinary and unlimited importature, and likely to attract the notice of mineralo-tion of foreign grain, preventing the sale of the nagists, especialy in Ireland, is at present the subject tional, tending to the ruin of their agriculture, the of conversation among the literati of Dublin. "An 'justice of these complaints being veritied by a repre

mitted on board a certain vessel prize, to a patriot privateer. It is well, that such things, growing so common, are checked.

A London paper of a late date, states that the Danish government had granted permission to vessels of war sailing under the independent flag to enter their ports and dispose of their cargoes.

A patriot privateer called the Constantia, has been severely mauled by a Spanish schooner; and another went ashore on the rocks near Tariffa, [Spain] by which the crew were made prisoners.

sentation from the royal junta of commerce, agriculture, manufactures and navigation, and memorial from the junta of marsh land, and from various districts -his majesty taking all this into consideration, and that without equalizing the price of foreign grain, so that the national may entry into concurrence, the agriculture of these kingdoms will soon be entirely lost, as some lands have been already left this year unsowed, and some tenants given up their lease: Hereby orders provisionally while the state of the tillage require it, and no counter order be issued, that the foreign wheat and Indian corn en- We have some further particulars of lord Cochtering in the corn market after the publication of rane's attack upon Callao-in which he gained this order by edict, shall pay duty, for wheat eighty nothing but hard knocks, though the loss on either reis, and for indian corn one hundred reis, per al- side was not great. The royal forces at Lima amount gueire, instead of twenty reis, paid till now. Fur- to 8000 well disciplined men. thermore, that the excess of these duties be applied in favor of agriculture for roads and bridges, to facilitate the transportation of grain, entering into the same chest with the excess of duty on flour, appropriated to same purpose. By order of his majesty, I communicate this to your excellency for execution. Palace of government in Lisbon, the 11th of May, 1819. Joao Antonio Salter de Mendouca,

To Cant Peniche.

In conformity to the royal orders, this is published by the present edict. Lisbon, 15th May, 1819.

ANTONIO MOREIRA DIAS,
Administrator of the corn market.
GERMANY.

An "extraordinary recruitment" is spoken of as having taken place in Rhenish Bavaria. The levy is three times greater than that in France.

The assassin of Kotzebue was yet alive on the 5th of May. His fate seems to excite an uncommon interest. Mention is made of the discovery of a secret society called the Black Alliance. Kotzebue's family precipitately left Manheim, attributed to a difference which had arisen between his son, the naval commander, and a printer of that town; who, as M. de Kotzebue asserts, has in his possession a manuscript of his deceased father.

SWEDEN.

The Stockholm papers speak contemptuously of the idea that king Bernadotte is to be deposed by Russia; but says there is an active exchange of couriers between the courts. In Paris, however, a considerable degree of faith is given to the story.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

An extensive insurrection of the natives appears to exist in some of the dependencies of the Cape of Good Hope. A letter from thence, dated March 30, says All the troops, which could be mustered, amounting to near 3000 men, were embarking for Corn Districts, which are about 600 miles distant from Cape town. The want of cavalry was severely

felt.

BARBARY POWERS.

Tunis has lost half of her population by the plague. The Arabs are also reported to be in a state of insurrection, and headed by a Tripolitan, to be marching against the capital.

MEXICO.

There are some rumors afloat that the patriots are yet in force in Texas-and another account ventures to say that gen. Mina is still alive, and at the head of an army of 3000 men. We know not how to believe either of these reports.

SOUTH AMERICA.

A very valuable Spanish ship called the Chrisuna, has recently been sent into Buenos Ayres, by the Union privateer.

CHRONICLE.

The secretary of war has returned to the seat of government.

Our squadron in the Mediterranean, all well. The emperor of Austria lately visited it at Naples.

The legislature of Connecticut have passed an act to admit affirmations from persons conscientiously scrupulous of taking oaths, in all cases, when such tests are required by law, under like penalties for perjury.

Rose Butler, a colored girl, has been executed at New York, for setting fire to a dwelling house.

Died, on the 29th ult. at Trenton, near Utica, N. Y. on his way from Plattsburg to visit his son, com. Woolsey, at Sackett's Harbor, general Melancthon Lloyd Woolsey, in the 63rd year of his age. He was a field officer in the revolutionary war and a sound patriot; a highly estimable and very useful citizen. Thus, one by one, the builders of the republic pass from works to rewards.

Also, recently, near Penn-Yan, N. Y. the famous Jemima Wilkinson, calling herself "the universal friend," the religious head of a little society, and well known in many parts of the United States as a preacher. Previous to her death she called her disciples round her, gave them a solemn admonition, "then raised her hands and closed her eyes" and died.

The Virginia Agricultural Society, of which Mr. Madison is the president, have eclipsed the whole, and exceeded all other examples in any age or country: they have, it is said, promulgated to pay, four years hence, ten thousand dollars for the best farm in that state, not less than 500 acres; $5000, for the next; $2000, for the third best, the latter not less than 200 and 100 acres.

Treaty with Spain. We have contradictory re ports respecting this treaty-one account says that it was promptly ratified on the arrival of Mr. Forsyth at Madrid-another says that it would not be, British influence operating against us. A few days more will give us the truth of the matter. At Gibraltar on the 3rd of June, it was said that the treaty had not been ratified on the 29th of May, and that Mr. Forsyth had left Madrid for France on the 25th of that month. The latter is improbable.

The mail. An attempt was made to rob the mail from Baltimore to Washington city, on Wednesday morning last, by two villains. It was unsuccessful through the firmness and adroitness of the driver. The postmaster at Baltimore has promptly offered $500 for apprehending the fellows.

Emigration. We kept a list of the vessels that arrived in the United States, with European passenA man has been hung at Bermuda, after trial be-gers, an account of whose arrival reached us through fore the court of vice admiralty, for a murder com- the newspapers received for the week ending yes

terday morning-the aggregate is 1475-of whom | about 400 reached our country via Halifax, and St. John's.

Yellow fever.--An alarm of the yellow fever being in Philadelphia, having reached New York, the mayor of the latter sent Dr. Dyckman to the former, to collect information on the subject, to whom the board of health made the following report

New Expedition. We have heard of a number of expeditions fitted and fitting out in different places in the south-western states and territories, for the Health-office, Philadelphia, July 10, 1819. Ostensible purpose of trading with certain nations SIR-In reply to the communication received of Indians, resident in the province of Texas and the from you this forenoon, in behalf of the board of parts adjacent. A letter just received by the editor health of New York, the following statement of the of the REGISTER from Alexandria, Lou. broadly in-circumstances which has given rise to the report of forms us that a project is on foot to seize upon the existence of the yellow fever in this city, is or revolutionize Texas, and establish an indepen- made exactly as they have came to the knowledge of dent government there. This is supposed easy to this board: accomplish, and the temptation of getting vast tracts of some of the finest land in the world, is very great. But the frequent failure and defeat of such projects, we should think, would warn our young men how they embark in this wild scheme at present.

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Progress of good principles. The legislature of New Hampshire passed a law at the late session, providing that hereafter every person shall be exempted from taxation for the support of the gospel ministry, who lodges with the town clerk a certificate that he differs in religious persuasion from the minister for whose support he is taxed. The law however is not intended to affect contracts already existing between ministers and their people.

Pennsylvania. Samuel D. Ingham, has been appointed secretary of state, vice Thomas Sergeant, appointed attorney general, in the place of Amos Elimaker, resigned.

Erie. There has been a very heavy gale on lake Erie. Six or seven vessels were driven on shore at Black Rock, and much damage done to the fields of wheat, &c. adjacent. This fine sheet of water may be called by way of eminence, the storm-vexed lake.

On the 2d of July, a report was made to this board, by Doctors Griffith and Parrish, of three cases of malignant fever, in a house on the upper side of Market-street wharf: the the persons reported, were Clement Reeves and wife, (heads of the family) and their daughter Susan.-They were immediately removed into the country, where Mr. Reeves soon died; the wife and daughter are now convalescent. On the 5th of July, a young man was reported ill of a malignant fever by two other physicians, doc tors Knight and Uller, who was employed in a store adjoining the house north of that occupied by the patients before mentioned. This young man died: those who were in attendance upon him have been sent into the country, and the house was cleansed and whitewashed.

On the 7th of July, two cases of the same form of disease were reported by doctors Duffield and Huson, in a house or store adjoining the same building in which the sick were first reported, but in a direction westward. These persons were soon after removed out of the city, and one of them is s'nce dead. All the sick mentioned, were residents of the city, and the disease has not been traced to any vessel or any stranger arriving from abroad in this place.

Indians in New York. We regret to learn, (says the Niagara Journal) that the remnant of the six Since the last mentioned cases, viz: on the 7th of Nations of Indians, residing within this state, during July, no report of a similar disease has been made the last week, in full council, solemnly resolved not to the board, nor have they any knowledge of a sinto encourage the introduction of the christian reli-gle case within the city. The buildings, in which gion among them. We undesstand that the de- the before mentioned cases occurred, have been bates on this subject were long and violent. carefully cleansed, whitewashed and ventilated. Slavery in Ohio. Various letters from gentlemen The inhabitants throughout Philadelphia are geneof the first respectability in Ohio, reiterate the as-rally healthy, and it is hoped that the prompt exersurance that no friend of amending the constitution of the state, which appears defective in many respects, has dreamt of abolishing those parts of it which prohibit slavery, even if it could be done; and represent the story as a mere calumny raised to prevent necessary reform.

tions which have been taken to remove the causes of
the late alarm, and to counteract any renewal of
the disease, will insure to us the remainder of the
season passed in the enjoyment of that state of ge-
neral health, with which an overruling Providence
has been pleased to bless our city, for many years.
Signed by order of the board,

JOHN CLAXTON, President.
SAMUEL EMLEN, jr. Sec'ry.

JACOB DYCKMAN, M. D.

Columbia river. We have heard, as our readers will have seen, of the arrival of Judge Provost, an agent of the United States, at Valparaiso, on his return from the mouth of Columbia river. It is said that our government has received from him a high- This report shews that considerable alarm exly interesting report of that part of his mission.isted in Philadelphia-we know that some of her We do not know whether it is intended to be pub-citizens contemplated an immediate removal; have ished; but, if it were, we are persuaded it would heard that the quarter of the city in which these be very generally acceptable. We want such a cases occurred was avoided, and the starting place document, to make us acquainted with that most of the steam boats changed, &c. We are sincereimportant though remote scion of the republic. Wely glad to hear that no new cases are reporteven hope that Mr. Provost will bring back with ed, and earnestly hope that Philadelphia may not bim materials to furnish a volume on the subject, be visited by that terrible disease, the yellow fever. instead of a letter of a few pages, and that he will The cases which occurred are probably of that chanot withhold from his countrymen the fruits of his racter which appear in our cities almost every year, enquiries and observations. It will not be in the and, as we believe, originate from local causes, as power, if it were the wish of the Atlantic states, to noticed in our last, and seldom spread. prevent the growth of a powerful commercial state at the mouth and on the banks of the Columbia. All the information respecting the country, which we can obtain, is therefore desirable. Nat, Int.

Some cases of disease, as the board of health says, of a "questionable nature," have appeared at Boston-but there does not appear to be any cause for alarm..

National Interests.

No. X.

paralized our industry and impoverished the counAddress of the Philadelphia society for the promotion of try, as to render us utterly unable to pay. The dedomestic industry, to the citizens of the United States.struction of Spanish industry did not produce the same effect on her commerce with other nations. er mines furnished ample means of payment. But having, we repeat, no mines, the destruction of our industry is almost as pernicious to Great Britain, or any other nation with which we trade on credit, as

[This number is chiefly made up of two excellent and highly interesting reports of the committee of the house of representatives of the United States, of commerce and manufactures, in 1816-already published in the REGISTER, Vol. IX, page 447, and Vol. X, page 82. To which is added a very power ful memorial, presented to the senate of the United States, by the inhabitants of Oneida county, N. Y. praying the support of government for domestic manufactures, by prohibiting the importation of cotton goods from beyond the Cape of Good Hope, for consumption in the United States. it over to hasten to the eleventh number, which we consider very important.]

No. XI.

But we pass

to ourselves.

This plain view of our affairs, demands the most serious attention from the public. We are so thoroughly satisfied of its correctness, that were we agents for the promotion of the English interest, and had supreme power over the tariff, we would have it so modified as to protect national industry; for even if that industry were carried to double or treble its present extent, there would be, as stated in the Oneida memorial, ample room for the impor tation of as much goods as we can pay for more especially in the prostrate state of the prices of our staples.

Philadelphia, June 17, 1819. FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS-Mistaken opinions tion from the present state of our commerce, which This theory receives the most ample corroborahaving been long entertained of an hostility between is nearly as calamitous as that of our manufactures. the interests of manufacturers, and those of mer- Our vessels are either rotting at our wharves, or chants and agriculturalists, it is supposed that the system we advocate is calculated to sacrifice those despatched on voyages which afford at the commencement hardly any hope of profit, and which of the two last to the first. Nothing can be more foreign from the truth. Our views are decidedly It has been computed by intelligent merchants, that too generally close with heavy and ruinous losses. favorable to commerce and the mercantile interest; the mercantile capital of this country has been dibecause the commerce to or from a ruined country, minished seventy millions of dollars, since the peace. such as ours will be under its present policy, affords little advantage to its merchants; and our plans, Agriculture has begun to partake of the general tending to restore the prosperity, must, of course, It is painful to reflect, fellow citizens, how numerimprove the commerce, of the United States, whose industry has been sacrificed to that of nations dis-ots and how ruinous are the errors prevalent on tant from us thousands of miles. We are equally regards the protection of national industry employthat important portion of political economy, which and as decidedly the friends of agriculture; because ed in manufactures. In the discussions that arose our object is to secure to the farmer and planter, in congress on the subject of the tariff, there were for their productions, a domestic market, which few, even of the best-informed members of that cannot fail them, instead of the precarious depen- body, who appeared to regard the protection af dence on foreign ones, subject to unceasing fluctuations, and blasting the fairest hopes of the cultiva-farded to manufactures in a national point of view.

tor and merchant.

It will, doubtless, appear extraordinary, but it is, nevertheless, true, that the system we advocate is calculated to promote as well the advantage of the merchants of Great Britain, and of those other foreign nations, with which we trade, as that of the

U. States.

calamity,

They considered the duties imposed for this purpose, according to the doctrine of col. Taylor, as taxes levied on the agricultural part of the commu nity, solely for the benefit of the manufacturersand as proofs of the munificence of the former.— One ardent member of the house of representatives, on the rejection of a motion for reducing the tariff on imported cottons, made an attempt to have The commerce of a country, impoverished as ours the decision re-considered, in order to set aside the is, can be of little advantage to a trading nation, votes of some members of the majority said to be which loses all its profits and part of its princi- concerned in cotton establishments. The inadmis. pal, by bankruptcy. The deficiency of remittances, sibility of this procedure is as obvious as the atwhich is daily increasing, cannot fail to produce de- tempt was novel. Were his plan adopted, the merstructive consequences in Great Britain. Thou- chants ought to retire on all questions in which comsands in that country with shattered fortunes will merce is involved-the farmers and planters on have to lament the infatuation that led them to in- those connected with agriculture-and the gentleundate this country with their merchandise, where- men of the bar on all that respect the judiciary. In by they calculated on making splendid fortunes, the vehemence of the gentleman's zeal against mawhich disappeared "like the baseless fabric of a vi-nufactures and manufacturers, be wholly overlooksion" and left "not a trace behind," but disappointed the incongruity of the measure he recommended.

ment and ruin.

The British merchants disregarded the valuable lesson of Esop's fable of the goose that laid the golden eggs. They killed the goose by their determination to enjoy all the benefits of our trade at

once.

Having no mines of gold or silver, no pearl fisheries, we have no means of paying for our foreign importations but by the fruits of our industry. And the combined operation of the fatal impolicy of our tariff, the cupidity of our importers, and the infatuation of the British merchants, has so completely |

*Mr. Wright," ex-governor of Maryland, "after declaring his belief that many members had voted on the question, who, from being interested in its decision, were of right excluded by a rule of the house, submitted a resolution to reject the votes of those members interested in any manufactory of cotton."* An adjournment took place, which prevented a decision on the resolution-which does not appear to have been brought forward again.

Weekly Register, vol. x. p. 95.

Under a well organized government, administer-And nothing but the great distance from Hindostan, ed with due regard to duty, the legislature ought and the consequent heavy expense of transportato "look with equal eye" on all classes and descrip- tion, could prevent the cotton planter from sharing tions of the nation-and therefore, the interests of the lamentable fate of the cotton manufacturer, and the manufacturing part of the community deserve being beaten out of his own market, even with a as much and as pointed attention as those of any duty originally one-third of the cost of the article. equal number of citizens. But how important so-Attention to the culture in the East Indies, witha ever the subject may be in this point of light, it pre- the advantage of having gained possession of the sents itself under another aspect, transcendently seeds of our best species, render it almost certain higher. And an enlightened statesman or legisla-that the cotton planters will, at no distant day, be tor will take a far more comprehensive view of it, as it regards the general interests of the nation, which are deeply interwoven with it.

It may be asked, why do not the agriculturists and the merchants, demand protection? And if they do not demand it, why is it to be given to the manufacturers?

We reply, that both agriculture and commerce are adequately protected, more particularly commerce, as will appear in the sequel.

under the same necessity of soliciting prohibitions or prohibitory duties, as the cotton and woolen manufacturers were in 1816. We hope when they do thus apply, they will be treated with more attention, and there application be more favorably received than the manufacturers experienced. We hope for this result, not merely for their sake, but for the general prosperity of the nation.

Hemp is sold in Russia at about 124 a 130 dollars per ton. The duty is, therefore, about 23 a 24 per

The agriculture of the United States has not re-cent. We flatter ourselves that it will be readily conquired much protection. The fertility of our soil, the immense extent of our country, and the great ceded, that agriculture is sufficiently protected. proportion of our citizens engaged in agricultural Except on the three articles last enumerated, the pursuits, render our crops so abundant, and our dis- duties are, it is true, moderate. But they are far tance from other nations is so great, that there is higher in proportion to the chance of competition little temptation for foreigners to seek our markets than most of the duties on manufactured articles. with the produce of the carth. Our farmers have should an increase of duties, however, be necessa hitherto generally had ready markets and high pri-ry, we trust it will be adopted, and without opposices. There has not been any serious interference tion.

with them; nor, until the importation of Bengal cot- The merchants have enjoyed a large portion of ton, with our planters. Congress has, however, ex-the fostering care and protection of congress. The tended its watchful care over their interests. Eve-statute book is full of laws enacted for their benery article raised by the agriculturist, with hardly an fit. They have always had powerful advocates on exception, is subject to a duty which is sufficient the floor of that body, who never failed to state for its protection. We annex a list of the most pro- their grievances, and to propose the proper remedies. They were ever heard with attention, and their requests generally accorded. We annex a list of some of the laws passed in their favor.

minent.

Protecting duties on agricultural productions.

Wheat,

Barley,

Oats,

Rye, Rice,

Flour,

Peas,
Boards,

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Indian corn,

Turpentine,

Tobacco,

Pork,

Bearis

Beef,

per lh.

Cheese, 9 cents. 2

Cotton, 3 cents.

Hemp, 150 cents. per 112 lbs.

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The duties on cheese, cotton and hemp, deserve particular attention. They are fair examples of the system of protection, winch manufacturers have sought in vain. The price of cheese in Europe does not average eighteen cents per pound. The duty, therefore, of nine cents per pound, is rather more than fifty per cent. Chis, with the various expenses of freight, insurance, merchants' profits, &c. would bring the imported article to about thirtyfive cents-whereas, our best cheese is sold at from eighteen to twenty. This is very nearly equivalent to an absolute prohibition.

In the East Indies, cotton was sold, at the time when the tariff was enacted, at nine cents per pousd. The duty of three cents per pound was, therefore, equal to thirty-three and a third per cent. It has recently risen to 11 a 13 cents; so that the duty at present is about twenty-five per cent.

I. 1789. An act passed at the outset of the goVernment for regulating tonnage, which imposed 30 cents on American built vessels, owned in whole or in part by foreigners; 50 cents on foreign vessels; while vessels belonging to the United States were subject only to six cents.*

II. 1789. In order to secure to our merchants the whole of the East India trade to and from this country, a decisive advantage was given them as may be seen by the following contrast—

In Ameri- In foreign p Duties on teas imported from China.(+) can vessels.

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