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General statement of the bank of the U. States and its offices of discount and deposite, at the dates specified therein.

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PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT.

The Debtor side consists of a number of items, which we consolidate, to save room, as they are ap parently of no general importance to a full understanding of the subject

Permanent expenses-at the bank from 1st Jan, to 30th June, 1818 and at the offices from
1st Jan. to 30th May
Current expenses, at the bank-from 1st Jan. to 30th June, 6 mo.

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do. at the several offices, from 1st Jan, to 30th May, 1818-the highest at Baltimore, $16,144 50, and at New York nearly as much; the lowest at Fayetteville, 2,084; at Boston only 2,835 55, &c.

Sundry losses

For Bonus

Expenses of importing specie

3rd dividend-at 3 per cent.

BALANCE

$11,876 43 41,161 70

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$1 632,319 85

The Creditor side is thus stated, and given in detail that a general idea may be formed of the business transacted at the several offices, &c.

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There are several other tables annexed-but, from a careful examination of them, we cannot see that they can be useful to the public at large, and are omitted. We thus conclude the series of papers and documents accompanying the most laborious report of the committee.

On Foreign Coins.

TREASURY REPORT.

Treasury department, 6th January, 1819. Sin-In reply to your letter, enclosing a resolution of the senate, directing the committee of finance to enque into the expediency of continuing n force the act of the 29th of April, 1816, regulating the currency of certain foreign coins within the United States," I have the honor to state, that it is 'inexpedient to continue the said act so far as foreign gold is rendered current in the United States. From the enclosed letter from the director of the mint, it is manifest, that the foreign gold coins now in the United States, which are current according to the provisions of the said act, may be recoined before its expiration. Until the capacity of the mint shall be increased, it is believed that the public interest requires that the said act, so far as it renders foreign silver coins current, should be continued.

out silver, would be able to prepare and strike about 7,000 pieces per day, or 35,000 per week, reckoning only five working days in the week, to allow for unavoidable accidents and interruptions.

Query 2d. "What number of dollars?" 3d. "What number of half dollars?" 4th. "What number of twenty, ten, and five cent pieces?"

Answer. Making silver, without gold, the weekly coinage in dollars may be rated at about 60,000; in half dollars 85,000; and in smaller coins, 100,000 pieces respectively. And beyond this, which would be fully double of the last year's coinage, the operation of the mint could not be much extended, without erecting a new building, with some additional apparatus; for in our present situation, we are very much limited for want of room, having to rent two small lots for our necessary accommodation.

On the above estimate it may be proper to remark, 1. That, in order to be constantly employed, deposites, whether of gold or silver, equal, at least, to two weeks coinage, should always be in advance. 2. The copper coinage is considered as continuing in constant operation, striking at least 100,000 cents

there would be wanted an appropriation for additional workmen, wastage, and sundry incidental expenses, of about $8000, in addition to the estimate lately transmitted from the mint to the treasury department.

It is believed, however, that foreign silver coins should not be continued current after the capacity of the mint shall be so increased as to remove the inconvenience which might result from the tempo-per week. 3. To effect the coinage above stated, rary exportation of the gold and silver coins of the United States. According to the communication from the director of the mint, about three millions of dollars, in silver, can be coined in one year. If this capacity should be doubled, the repeal of the law making foreign silver coins current, might be effected with safety, as soon as an opportunity should be afforded by such augumentation in the powers of the mint, to the holders of such foreign coins to have them recoined.

Query 5th. "What additional expense would it require to coin double or quadruple the number of silver coins which can be coined in the present situation of the mint?"

Answer. As far as respects a double coinage, the As Spanish milled dollars compose the great mass answer is attempted in the foregoing queries: and for of foreign silver coins which circulate in the United further extension, as before observed, a new buildStates, and generally command a premium when ing would be required. From the nearest estimate, compared with the dollar of the United States, es-which present circumstances will enable us to make, pecially for exportation to China, it is desirable that it is believed, that the expenses for the purchase of they should cease to be a tender as soon as the capa-a lot, and erecting a suitable building, with such adcity of the mint shall be increased so as to recoin such ditional apparatus as might be necessary, would part of the Spanish milled dollars, imported into the United States, as may be necessary for domestic purposes.

The holders of this foreign coin, whether individuals or corporations, may then demand for it such price as will indemnify them for the expense of importation. Considering that the Spanish dollar, in the United States, is more an article of commerce han a standard by which to ascertain the value of other articles; that its value at the same time, in different parts of the union, varies from par to ten per eent. it is conceived that the public interest requires that it should cease to be a legal tender as soon as an extensive and prompt recoinage shall be provided for.

I have the honor to be, your most obedient serv't.
WM. H. CRAWFORD.

Honorable John W. Eppes,
Chairman of the committee of finance.

Mint of the U. States, Dec. 28th, 1818. SIR-Having consulted the other officers of the mint, and deliberately considered the subject of the queries which I have had the honor of receiving in your letter of the 16th, I shall now attempt their answer, without, however, vouching for any very great degree of accuracy.

amount to about $25,000; and that, from the time of its commencement, it might be finished in about 12 months. The coinage, in the mean time, being carried on at the present establishment. The lot and building at present occupied by the mint, would probably bring from 12 to 15,000 dollars.

Query 6th. "Have you any particular information of the relative value of gold and silver during the present year, in France and England? Has the late coinage in England raised the relative value of those metals?"

Answer. In reply to the above, I would beg leave to refer you to the enclosed copy of an editorial essay, taken from a London paper of the 22d of April last, in which the subject is treated with great perspicuity, and to which I have little to add. The statement of facts, however, given in this essay, corroborates an observation which I had the honor to make during the last session of congress to Mr. Lowndes, then chairman of the committee of ways and means, in reply to a question which at that time he was pleased to propose, which I here transcribe.

Query 7th. "Are any amendments in the laws of the United States necessary to secure the coinage of a more considerable quantity of gold than has here. tofore been annually coined at the mint?"

Answer. -Nothing occurs to me as adequate to Query 1st. "What number of eagles and half this effect, except increasing the value of gold reeagles can the mint, in its present situation, coin perlatively to that of silver, so that the ratio of the one day?" to the other, may be somewhat greater than in any Answer. With the aid of a new foundery and refin- part of Europe. According to the standard in the ing furnace, which are now nearly completed, the United States, this ratio in the pure metals is as 15 to mint, in its present situation, and coining gold with-1. In some parts of Europe it is as 16 to 1, which I

believe is at present the maximum. Though, as the coin of no one country in Europe are a legal tender in any other, gold and silver, whether in coins or bullion, become an article of commerce, and their relative value is continually varying, according to circumstances. Considering the expense of the importation of gold into the United States, I should think that our government would be justifiable an adding 10 per cent. to the present relative value of gold. This would hold out a powerful and effectual motive for the importation of gold into the United States, and at the same time be a powerful barrier against its exportation. All the difficulties arising from the American gold coins now in circulation might be readily obviated, either by calling them in for recoinage, or suffering them to pass at the increased value.

Presuming that it would not be unacceptable, I have enclosed a description, with the impressions and qualities, of sundry species of silver dollars from South America, which have from time to time been brought to the mint, as deposites. The whole amount of such deposites, during the last year, is but little

short of half a million of dollars.

I have the honor to be, &c.

ROBERT PATTERSON.

P.S. I have also enclosed, from the Assayer of the mint, a statement of the weight and quality of sundry silver coins from different parts of Europe, and which may probably be acceptable.

From a London paper of April 22d 1818. The large quantity of gold pieces which have lately been coined, and their almost immediate disappearance from circulation, is a subject of surprise and material concern to the people at large.

Some have ascribed this to the difference of exchange between this country and the rest of Europe; but this disappearance of the coin did not take place to any considerable degree, when the exchange was confessedly against us, and much less could the difference of exchange produce any such effect at present, when it is evidently in our favour. But, in all probability, the cause of this deficiency of gold coin in circulation lies nearer home, and consists in the proportion which has lately been established be tween the gold and silver coin, considered as bullion. To explain this, it is necessary to advert a little to the properties belonging to coined money.

all other duties on coinage, were in effect abolished, or rendered ineffectual. In the time of queen Elizabeth, and until the 43d year of her reign, 60 shillings, each weighing 4 dwts. equal to 96 grs. were cut out of a pound of silver bullion. In the 43d year of the reign of that princess, 62 shillings were cut out of a pound of silver bullion; and the weight of each shilling consequently diminished from 96 grs, to 92.857; at which rate it has continued until the late alteration, say as 62 shillings are to 5,760 grs. (the number of grains in a troy pound,) so are 21 shillings to 1,950, the number of grains in 21 shillings of the old standard. Again, 1,950 grains divided by 129.5, (the number of grains of gold in a guinea,) gives for a quotient 15.059.

The proportion of standard silver to standard gold, in point of value,supposing the weights equal, is nearly as 15.059 to 1. But now, when 66 shillings are cut out of a pound of silver, and only 21 of these given for a guinea, the proportion is altered; the shilling, which before weighed, of standard silver, 92 grs. and 357 decimal parts, is now reduced to 87 grains and 2.292 decimal parts, or 5 1-4 grains less than the old standard; in each shilling, equal to 2 farthings and 7.138 decimals of a farthing, or nearly 3-4 of a penny, worse than the old standard coinage.

This defalcation of weight,amounts, in 21 shillings, to 110 grains and 25 decimal parts, equal in value to 18. 2. and 9.189 decimal parts, or 18. 2d. 1-4 nearly, which, in large sums, makes a considerable difference, being 118s. 75 decimal parts per cent. short of the old value of gold, compared with silver. This reduces the proportion which gold and silver bear to one another, from 15.059 to 14.121 to 1; or, as was before observed, nearly 6 per cent. which is the sum that might be gained, and probably is gained, by buying up the gold coin, (no matter whether guineas or sovereigns,) with the diminished silver coin, and purchasing, with the gold coin so obtained, silver bullion in France, Holland, or Germany.

If this statement (if correct,) does not account for the disappearance of the gold coin, I am at a less to say what other cause more adequate can be assigned.

P. S. The proportion of silver to gold, in the French coin, is as follows:

The six franc piece (in silver) of Louis XV. Coin may be considered in two lights: 1st. As a weighs 18 dwts. 12 grs. equal to 444 grs. these mulsign of value, and again, (which is the most impor- tiplied by 8, produce 3,552 grs. The double Louis tant consideration) as a deposite of equal intrinsic d'or (gold) weighs 9 dwts. 23 grs. equal in weight value with the sum it professes to represent. The to 236 grs. and is estimated to be 8 six franc pieces worth, as Mr. Leake observes, is the intrinsic value in value. Now, 3,552 divided by 26 grs. as quotient which makes it the measure of all other things.-15.053, which is nearly in the proportion of 15 to 1. That the coin should possess this degree of intrinsic scarcely differing from the proportion of silver to value, was secured by two acts of parliament, one of gold in the former English coinage. Again the 5 the 18th, and the other of the 25th of Charles 2d, franc pieces of Napoleon (silver) weighs 16 dwts. which enact, "That every person bringing any fo-2 grs. equal in weight to 386 grs. This, multiplied reign coin or bullion to the mint, to be coined, should by 8, produces 3,088 grs. The forty franc piece have the same assayed and melted down, without any charge or defalcation; and for every pound troy of crown gold or sterling silver, should receive the like weight in coined money of crown or standard gold, and of sterling or standard silver; and, 2d. If the bullion so brought was finer or coarser than crown gold or standard silver, so much more or less should be allowed, as it was better or worse, and without any charge of coinage, or without any undue preference in the coinage. And, to defray the charges of the mint and coinage, a duty was laid on wines, &c."

It appears from this act, "which was continued by the succeeding princes," that the seigneurage and

of Bonaparte (gold) valued at 8 five franc pieces, weighs 8 dwts. 7 grs. equal to 199, grs. Now, 3,088 divided by 199, gives 15.517 to 1, as the proportion silver bears to gold, which estimates the gold higher in proportion to silver than in the former coinage.

Let us now examine the coinages of Holland, and the proportion which gold and silver bear to to one another, in the money of that country.

The 3 guilder piece of Holland, (silver) weighs 1 oz. 14 gr3. equal to 494 grs.; of course, 14 guilders must weigh, or be equal to 2,305 grs. of silver. The Ruydu, or 14 guilder pieces, (gold) weighs 6 dwt. 18 grs. equal to 152 grs. Now, 2,305 divided by 152,

gives 15.1665 as the proportion which silver and gold, in the Dutch coin, bear to one another

The amount drawn for repairs is as follows:
For 1814
1815,

1,006 92

2,000 54

1816,

The geometrical mean of these calculations, is 15.2451; the arithmetical mean is somewhat higher, being 15.2655. Either of these, compared with the proportions formed in the late coinage of this coun- Which added to

1817,

2,002 11

3,227 41-7,636 98 $589,522 29

try, will sufficiently account for the gold coin being Will make the whole cost of this parteither exported or melted down at home. The ad-of the road, including the repairs $597,169 20 vantage of counterfeiting this coin is obvious, where The statement made by Mr. Thomson, superinthe counterfeit might contain the same quantity of tendant for the western division of the road, exhisilver of the same degree of purity as the current bits the following result, which he says is as correct money of the realm, and yet afford an adequate ad- as he is able to make it, in the present rough state Wantage to those who counterfeitit. O. C.

of the work:

616,534 62 1-2

The distance contracted for is 36 miles, and 213
poles:
Amt. agreeable to contract
Work done, has cost, $275,445
Will cost to finish

The following statement exhibits the gross weight and degree of fineness of a variety of foreign coins, which have occasionally been brought to the mint of the United States, mostly obtained from experiments made on single pieces; and, it is believed, may 341,119 62 be considered as nearly correct, so far as relates to Bill drawn in payments 218,874 60 the piece under trial; yet perhaps, in all cases, it may Take the amount as stated, agreeable to con not be sufficiently accurate to estimate with preci- tract, 616,564 dollars, and divide it by 36, makes the sion their respective national standards. The officers cost of the last 38 miles, a little more than seventeen of the mint are more conversant with the French thousand one hundred and twenty six dollars per mile. and Spanish coins. The modern gold and silver The probable cost of the whole road, from Cumcoins of France, commencing with the Bonapartean berland, in Maryland, to Wheeling, in Virginia, system, and denominated francs, contain nine parts something exceeding 96 miles, when completed, is pure metal, and one part alloy; and the same stand- estimated at one million six hundred and sixty thouard, as well as denomination, appears to be adhered to by the present government with great exactness. Although the same uniformity of standards is not observable in the gold and silver coins of Spain, yet, as the average quality of their dollar approximates so near to those of France, it may not be unsafe to conclude their legal standard for dollars, and parts of dollars, is the same.

Holland piece of 3 guilders

Gross weight. deg. of fineness.
oz. dwts. grs. ozi dwes. grs.

sand dollars, including 60,000 dollars for the Monongahela bridge; of which four hundred and fifty thousand dollars is the amount estimated yet to be contracted for, and the probable cost of the road made and contracted for, is stated at one million two hundred and six thousand dollars.-Sixty miles of the road is completed.

The secretary of the treasury, in submitting the statements to the house of representatives says, by 18 comparing them, it will be seen that the mason o work cast and west of the Monongahela are extremely different. This difference has been pointoed out to the superintendant of the western part of the road, and he believes a considerable saving will be effected upon the estimate which the su12 perintendant has furnished. Greensburgh Repub.

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JOSEPH RICHARDSON, Assayer.

Mint of the United States,
27th of the 12th month, 1818.

Cumberland Road.

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Philadelphia Bills of Mortality.

The whole amount of deaths in the city and liberties of Philadelphia for the entire year of 1818, 6 was 2765. Greatest number in July, 321; least in 12 December, 196-greatest of adults in January, 163; least in October, 95. Greatest of children in July, 178; least in November, 59.

The "Cumberland road" having excited some attention in different parts of the state, and several petitions relating to it, being recently presented to the legislature of Pennsylvania, we are induced to lay the following before our readers:

From a statement laid before congress by Mr. Shriver, superintendant for the eastern division of the road, extending from Cumberland, in Maryland, to Uniontown, in Pennsylvania, about sixty and one half miles, there has been drawn from the treasury, except for repairs, $500,773 22 88,750

Of those who died, 628 were under 1 year; 332 from 1 to 5; 68 from 5 to 10; 35 from 10 to 15; 39 from 15 to 20; 370 from 20 to 30; 416 from 30 to 40; 316 from 40 to 50; 187 from 50 to 60, 138 from 60 to 70% 90 from 70 to 80; 67 from 80 to 90; 24 from 90 to 100; 5 from 100 to 110.

Diseases-Consumption 396; cholera morbus 203; convulsions 141; fever-typhus 311,-other fevers 181; dropsy 99; do. in the head 67; do. in the breast 5; still born 156; debility 89; atrophy 46; appolexy 40; hives 48; various inflamations 170; old age 65; pleurisy 25; palsy 37; small pox (natural) 8; &c. The population is supposed to amount to 120,000. Porcelain. The manufacture of China ware, or porcelain, equal in firmness to the French, has been commenced in New-York. At the monthly meeting of the Historical society, a few days ago, samshows the road to cost about $9,744 21 per mile, ples of the articles prepared by Mr. Mead, from doincluding every expense, On this route are several mestic materials, were presented for inspection. bridges, two of which are said to be the largest in Their forms, their composition, their enamelling the United States. and every thing, gave universal satisfaction.

The sum yet wanting to complete

the road to Uniontown

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