which 40,000,000 are said to be deposited in England, and 10,000,000 in France. In Spain they speak loudly of sending 20,000 men, in a body, to America-it is estimated that this number would require 100,000 tons of shipping, or 300 vessels. Madrid, Feb. 23. Nothing is talked of here but the marriage of our sovereign. It appears that the choice is divided between a princess of Sardinia and one of Saxony; but the most general opinion is, that we shall have for queen, a daughter of the king of Sardinia: ITALY. A letter dated at Palermo, on the 4th of March, says, "We have had most dreadful weather here these last fourteen days, with three heavy shocks of an earthquake, which has done much mischief on the south part of the island, throwing down churches, and destroying whole villages. luch damage has also taken place among the shipping." Pompeii still furnishes many precious works of antiquity. A beautiful bronze vase, encrusted with silver, and an admirable bronze statue of Apollo, of the usual size of a man, in the act of sacrificing the family of Niobe, have lately been found, GERMANY. A private letter from Manheim, dated the 23d inst. announces, that M. de Kotzebue was assassinated on that day by a student, and that the latter immediately committed suicide with the same poniard which had been the instrument of his crime. Both instantly expired on the spot-Journal de Paris. The states of Hanover have assembled again. A reduction in the army, which is to commence on the 1st of May, has been determined upon. It will fall chiefly on the infantry, which will be reduced from 30 to 20,000 men. The military establishments, also, are to cost two millions of dollars, instead of two Accounts by way of Trinidad, of the 15th of March, announce the retreat of the royal army over the Arauca, exceedingly harrassed by gen. Paez,who had skilfully avoided a general action, and yet said to have cut off 1400 of Morillo's force. Reinforcements were marching to join Paez, and it is now said that the royalists will be annihilated, and the independence of Venezuela secured in the present campaign! Last week, the reports were exactly the contrary. The English soldiers, of whom as before reported, it appears that 3000 have arrived, had not yet been in action. Morillo's men are represented as skeletons, from the hardships they have undergone, and in their retreat they have to cross 400 miles of plains, harrassed constantly by Pacz's cavalry, 2500 men. Laguira is blockaded by Brion and Taylor The former has attacked the royal squadron in the bay of Cumana-result not know. Important events, may be daily expected. Would that Venezuela was relieved of this exterminating war! The population of the country has been reduced more than one half since the evolution began. St. Thomas, March 30. "By a vessel just arrived from Curracoa, news had been received by a vessel arrived there from Carthagena, that the governor of Panama had written to the governor of Carthagena, for all the forces he could muster for his succor, as he dreaded an instant attack from the independent/ army, which after having taken Lima, was then advancing rapidly to the northward, no doubt to attack his post. It is also stated, that of the fleet which some time ago had sailed from Spain for Peru, the crew of one vessel had mutinied, and carried her into Valparaiso, giving information that the rest of the squadron were in a similar state. On receiving these accounts, the government of Valparaiso immediately despatched the same vessel, together with the The German papers contain some accounts of the the rest of the squadron then in port, to intercept universities of Germany, from which it appears that them, which they accordingly effected; and after there are eight thousand four hundred and twenty one exchanging a few shot, the whole Spanish flect students in the several universities; in Gottingen 770, joined them. They immediately proceeded to CalHalle 500, Berslau 366, Heidelburg 363, Giessen lao, under the Spanish flag, forwarded the dispatch241, Marbourg 197, Riel 107, Rostock 160, Griess-es taken on board the squadron, to the viceroy, and wald 55, Landsfurd 640, Tubenjen 698, Berlin 942, Leipsic 911, Jena 634, Vienna 957, Prague £80. and a half. The emperor has issued an ordinance by which all peasants in the empire are authorised to establish manufactories, a right which they did not be-t fore possess, but which was limited to the nobility, and to the merchants of the first and second class. SWEDEN. A wonderful spring was lately discovered in Sweden--it was revealed to a woman by an invisible spirit-the whole kingdom was astonished at the cures performed by its waters! it was consecrated by the name of the Miraculous Fountain," on which occasion many religious ceremonies took place! By a careful analysis, this fountain is proved to afford nothing but good pure spring water!!! ΗΛΥΤΙ. debarked the whole of their forces, which were received with every demonstration of joy. They immediately set out for Lima, and took peaceful possession of that city, the government supposing them o be friends." Philad. Gaz. Interesting Operation. FROM THE FEDERAL GAZETTE. Extract of a letter from Lewisburg, Penn. dated "Agreeably to thy request, I will now furnish thee with a statement of facts relative, to my patient, whose case I mentioned when I last had the pleasure of seeing thee. Elizabeth Consor, aged 24 years, was born with cataracts in both eyes; in early childhood she could see a little, but never well enough to avoid running against objects, that were not of a very light color; as she advanced in years, the sense of vision gradually diminished, and at length she become totally A district of this island, under the sway of president Boyer, called Gran-de-Ause, is in a state of insurrection. King Henry, it is stated, lately received a present of a bible from a gentleman of Massachu-blind. setts, and gave him in return a draft for six thousand dollars, in a letter of thanks-written with his own royal hand. SOUTH AMERICA. A col. Eyre has raised in Galway, Ireland, two regiments of 1200 men each, for service in New Grenada, South America. Being a very beautiful young woman and of most interesting manners, she was addressed by a decent young mechanic, who married her. About a year afterwards she became a mother. On occasion of the illness of her infant, I had an opportunity of eeing the mother for the first time. Upon examining her eyes, I recommended an operation to which she cheerfully consented; and on the 20th December Sunday last, in 21 days from Liverpool-they sailed on the same day, and continued in sight of each other nearly the whole of the voyage. The new Russian minister to the United States, Mr. Poletica, has arrived at New York. Mr. John Randolph is elected to congress, from Virginia. Travelling. The route between New York and Philadelphia has been travelled by the "citizens line" of coaches, in 8 hours and 35 minutes—at the rate of 114 miles per hour! Marriage. A young lady near Philadelphia, has received a verdict of $2,000 against a scoundrel who promised her marriage, and seduced her. Another person a "preacher of a certain religious On the 27th Feb. last, I performed the opera-society," has been brought in for 15,000 dollars in a tion on her right eye: my success in this case was instantaneous-the cataract was removed whole out of the axis of vision, while that in the left eye being soft, was only broken up and lacerated by the instrument, and dissolved by the aqueous humor. No pain or inflammation followed the last operation, and she is now visiting and receiving visits of her friends. She can see without glasses to thread a needle; and so soon as she gets a pair of suitable spectacles, she intends learning to read and write. similar case, we suppose, in North Carolina -- this sum was regarded as the value of half his estate. A case of crim. con. has also been tried in that state, in which the amount of the verdict was 1000 dollars. The plaintiff had left his wife in search of employment-he was absent but a few months, during which the defendant, by regular license, married the woman! Sales of bank notes. Since our last, the notes of the banks south of Maryland have depreciated very If this woman, when totally blind, was an object of much. hose of North and South Carolina and Georlove, what must her value be now in the estimation gia cannot be shaved in Baltimore for less than 4 or of her husband? I am very happy to have it in my 5 percent. and those of Kentucky andTennessee are power to say her husband seems fully sensible of at from 10 to 15 per cent. discount! A pretty busis the value of his wife, and very worthy of her affec-ness, truly. tion. Thy sincere friend, CHRONICLE. Before the circuit court of the state of Kentucky at Bardstown, was tried towards the close of the last month, a suit for slander, in which Miss Des Marsley, alias Mrs. Fishley, was plaintiff, and Mr. Fishley, of After a trial of two days, the jury being permitted to retire, brought in a verdict for the plaintiff, and assessed the damages at at Sackett's Harbor, on the 14th inst. lieut. twenty-seven thousand nine hundred dollars. This is a Lewis German, of the U. S. navy-a brave and meri-curious case, for the parties had been married, and torious officer. He was in the Constitution when the husband, the defendant, had in a few days after marriage deserted his wife. However, the verdict, she captured the Guerriere and Java. Maine. The separation of Maine from Massachu-it appears, falls to the ground, the judge having setts is agitated. It should reasonably take place, decided, that the marriage being a legal one, a suit for slander could not be maintained by the wife and will, no doubt, happen before long. Died on the 23d ult. at his residence near Balti-Louisville, defendant. more, Alexander C. Hanson, esq. à senator of the U. States, in the 33rd year of his age. The 5th U. S, reg. of infantry is to embark at De-against the husband. troit for Green Bay, thence ascend the Fox river in batteaux to the portage-when the boats will be drawn across the portage [about one mile] and the troops re-embark on the Ouisconsin, descend to its mouth and thence ascend the Mississippi to the St. Peter's river. Nat, Int. From the London Statesman of March 10. On America's rising greatness.—By looking over the newspapers of the three great sea-ports of America, any man without being a statesman, may discover the gigantic growth of this infant state in the new world, but if the politician examines its treaties with the different powers it is connected with, he cannot but discover its wise and firm policy. Nothing can shake it in any one respect. Even with Great Britain it has so far gained its point with respect to the great article of the fisheries, that a middle-aged Gen. Gaines intends to fix his head-quarters on man may live to see the time when the Americans Sullivan's island, for the summer months. At a din-will enquire of us what business we have to fish on nergiven to the general by the citizens of Savannah, the following toast was given by Mr. Harney, "The defender of Fort Erie Pensioners. It is stated that the number of revo. lutionary pensioners, who are now receiving their semi-annual dividend at the branch bank in Middletown, (Con.) exceeds 1200, all residents of the state of Connecticut, and the total amount paid to them exceeds $120,000 per annum. By foes though outnumbered, the fight he maintains: The Ontario sloop of war, capt. Biddle, has arriv ed at Annapolis, last from Pernambuco, in 29 daysfrom a two years cruise in the Pacific Ocean, &c. Emigration. A considerable number of persons are arriving in the United States-chiefly from England, Sociability. Three ships arrived at New York on their shores and beds. In fact, our state is attenual- NEW SERIES. No. 11-VOL. IV.] BALTIMORE, MAY 8, 1819. [No. 11-Vol. XVI. WHOLE No. 40 THE PAST THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, Mitigation of Slavery-No. 1. One of the subjects proposed to be discussed in the present volume, was the amelioration of the condition of our slaves--with a view to the present and future benefit of all the parties interested; and especially to prepare the way for the well-being of such persons of color as may become legally emancipated. We intend to offer a few remarks upon each of be accompanied with considerable details and stathe following propositions, and some of them may tistical representations of faets, to elucidate their subject: 1. That slavery must, at some future day, be abo- This subject is one of the highest importance. It is encompassed with difficulties and most fruitful in errors of opinion; for men judge differently, on mat-2. ters of policy, though they may generally agree in the RIGHT, as they are differently educated. On the broad question, ought slavery to exist? there would be very few in the affirmative: but, on that, shall we 3. eause its existence to cease? we should be much divided-and, if it were decided in the affirmative, the manner of it would be severely disputed; and many, perhaps, hopeless of coming to a safe conclusion about it, would relax into the indifference of necessity or despair. It is the policy in some sections of our country, to keep the free people of color as well as the slaves, in the grossest ignorance possible-to deprive them, as far as practicable, of the capacity of reasoning and deny them the means of improvement-to sink them into the bestial state of laboring machines. Hence, certain of the laws passed in respect to persons of color, are calculated to chill the blood of those who regard them as men. On the other hand, in some parts of the union the people are clamorous for emancipation, without considering the consequences that must result from it, affecting almost equally the welfare of the emancipated and the safety of their late masters. They say, and say truly, that it is wrong to hold slaves: in their present state, however, we hold the opinion, that it would be almost as wrong, speaking generally, to grant them their freedom, having no hope of the success of the colonization scheme, except as to the object to which the present attention of the society, as noticed in our last REGISTER, is direct ed, in which every good man must feel willing to aid them. To prevent the introduction of a slave, is much more interesting and important than the export of a freeman of color, and much easier done. On the proper means of checking the propagation of the slave-species-Among others, by narrowing the extent of country in which they shall be permitted to exist, with a notice of the late debates, &c. in congress about allowing the introduction of slavery into the regions west of the Mississippi. per 4. That the present emancipation of slaves in the southern states should not be extensively supported,unless efficient provision is made for separating the free negroes from those who are not-the mixture is fatal to the progress of improvement in both, and at open war with the safety of the sons and property of the white population; and must remain so, until the practices recommended 5. That the states in which slavery is not allowed, in the second proposition have had operation. should offer every reasonable facility and encou ragement to free people of color wishing to reside therein; and adopt some measures to lessen the prejudices and antipathies of the whites, in qualifying the blacks to attain a respectable standing in society. sitions will, probably, embrace every thing that we The range of discussion afforded in these propodesire to say on the subject, and occupy as much time and room as we can allow to it now-and we shall proceed with it leisurely, in the hope that some little good may result from it. Hints on Domestic Manufactures. We are aware that the thing we are now about to enter upon is exceedingly delicate. The mere to feel the necessity of applying the surplus labor of Every intelligent man now sees, and many begin mention of it rouses the angry passions of one party the people of the United States, to furnish commoalmost to rage, and the other responds in the warm dities for their own wants. We cannot much-lonlanguage of an honest, but miscalculating enthusiasm. Hating as we do-most solemnly, sincerely cannot pay for them. There is also an increased ger, be "buyers of [foreign] bargains," because we and religiously hating, all sorts of slavery whether spirit of patriotism among us, to encourage all sorts the subjects of it be white men, as in Europe, or of domestic manufactures. The balance of trade black men, as in America; whether inflicted by prin- has long been against us, and nothing prevented us ces, priests or planters, and whether it affects that from being as "hewers of wood" to the manufacliberty of person or treedom of mind, which it pleas-turers of Great Britain, but the great productiveed the ALMIGHTY to bestow upon man, when Heness of our country, and the extraordinary prices created him, we may, notwithstanding, advance which our agricultural commodities brought in fo some doctrines almost as unpleasant to the very ar-reign parts, aided by the genius and enterprize of dent friends of emancipation, as others will prove to the brutal slaveholder. We are not above advice, nor superior to instruction; but in this case, as ingall others which we speak upon, we shall say just what we please, consistent with our own ideas of the right of the matter. VOL XVI.- -13. our citizens in commercial pursuits. But the means of keeping that balance within reasonable bounds no longer exist-there is so little demand for our products, that a saving voyage is now accounted a good one, by our merchants. Even at the time when there was a foreign market for every thing that we any countervailing advantage. There never was £ more silly notion than this. The foreign demand→→→ i. e. all that we have to spare from our own wants, is of no comparison with the demand of the home market-so much so, that the sudden transfer of about 300,000 persons to the U. States might con and the raising up of manufactures of cotton equal to our consumption of it in clothing, additionally require about an half of that which we send abroad. But we have said enough on these subjects, and demonstrated the facts so often, that we shall simply refer to them now. However, let any notions be entertain ed that may, we have arrived to that point in our affairs, when it is the home market which must be de pended upon. had to spare, and our bread-stuffs, cotton, tobacco, factures operated as a tax levied upon them, without &c. were at their highest prices, a girl at Manchester, assisted by labor-saving machinery, gave as much extra value per annum, beyond the amount of the cost of her own living, as two or three men in like manner produced in the United States-and now, when our articles have lost from 30 to 50 per cent. of their former comparative value, the labor of sume all the surplus bread.md meat that we have the same girl will equal in positive productiveness, that of six or eight men-for though the clear profits of the latter are so much reduced, there is no diminution of the quantity of labor required to support their consumption. It is very evident that a balance thus created must be ruinous. Hence it is, that most nations prevent the import of some articles to encourage their product at home, and without which beggary would be their portion. It has been conclusively shewn that Great Britain, with all her adThe essays that have recently appeared in the REvantages and improvements, supported by an im- GISTER, promulgated by the "Philadelphia society mense capital vested in manufactures and commerce, for promoting domestic industry," leaves us little to cannot throw open her ports to receive foreign say at this time, on the general policy and peculiar commodities,because they might be imported cheap- advantages of encouraging this industry;-domeser than her own people can furnish them-nay, she tic manufactures must now be supported, because will not, at this time, receive even bread-stuffs from we cannot pay for foreign products: economy is us, her best customers. It is not the nominal price forced upon us-we must live more frugally, or beof a thing that establishes its value to a purchaser: come bankrupt. In this state of the case, it mušt it is the means that he has in himself to purchase it-be expected that the national government will exaa man cannot give that which he has not. Every mine the subject with that attention which its im healthy person has an ability to labor, and this may portance requires-and prohibit the introduction of be exchanged for the product of the labor of others, either directly or through the medium of money-by this, life is sustained or its comforts enjoyed, and the latter are more or less experienced according to the equality of value reciprocally created or produced by such labor. Hence it is evident that we cannot exchange the labor of six men for the labor of one woman, except at a ruinous loss; and it becomes us to find out some way to forbid the exchange altogether, if we cannot prosecute it on more equitable terms. "The freedom of trade" is a pretty thing to talk about-it looks well upon paper; but exists only in imagination, or by making slaves of one nation to pamper another. many articles which we can make at home. But to aid this, our manufacturers have a very interesting duty to perform-they must pay particular attention to the quality of their goods, and render them not only useful for wear, but pleasing to the eye, and be careful not to extort unfair prices for them. It was more owing, perhaps, to the reverse of what is here recommended, that our manufacturers failed of receiving a reasonable support after the conclusion of the late war, than to any thing else—many were disgusted with the depreciation of quality and advance of price. The latter, it is true, will be regulated by the demand; but the former has in itself a principle that must be attended to, if we hope for the establishment of manufactures adequate to the consumption of the country. From the Augusta Herald. The distressing accounts from Great Britain and the continent of Europe, appear to have at length convinced the planters, as well as the merchants, that the staple produce of our state, has really been above its actual value. In most European countries, especially in England, on account of the exactions of government, the quantity of labor required of the people is far greater than is compatible with their happiness. The three following articles which reached us at But in the United States, where the wants of govern- about the same time, may serve to support the poliment are easily supplied, the people, in general, la-cy we have always advocated.'bor less than their comfort requires; and hundreds of thousands of women and children do little or nothing because they have little or nothing to do. In the city of Baltimore, there are several thousand persons idle, who are capable of earning from one to three dollars per week, and who would gladly work if proper kinds of labor were accessible to them. Thus it is every where, because men of capital do not find it an object to vest their money in manufacturing establishments, on account of the foreign rivalry. What would we think of a farmer, having the timber at hand, and the knowledge and means at home of making a harrow,for instance, who should put his timber into a cart and carry it some miles off, to a harrow-maker, and wait there while the workman executed the job, which he himself He More than three thousand bales of cotton are stor ed in this city, for which 23 a 24 cts. per lb. has been refused, and which would not now sell for 15 cents. Speculations to an immense amount have been entered into, upon a mere hope of profit, and the consequences must be ruinous: indeed the extent of the evil can scarcely be imagined. Men, who six months ago were wealthy, have hazarded their fortunes upon a speculation which has failed; alcould have done as well at his own house? ought to be considered as a prodigal. Yet this is the *This proposition may startle some who are al principle upon which nations act when they disre-ways looking abroad. Let us allow to each person 1lb. gard their own industry and depend upon others to of bread, and 3-4lb of meat, and take into calculasupply their wants; it is a principle that must either tion the grain that would be consumed by the exproduce misery and distress, or exceedingly retard tra supply of domestic animals required for them, the rightful progress of prosperity. and then, if we add the whole together, we shall see that our boasted exports would prove inadequate to the amount of their consumption. The idea has been entertained by some of our agriculturalists, that a duty laid upon foreign manu though they are not actually insolvent, yet their vernment, and to demand that the collectors be in- The whole attention of the planter has been devoted to the cultivation of cotton, and what is the consequence? The state of Georgia is obliged to look to the more northern states for bread stuffs.Corn, which might be raised for 50 cents, is imported from Massachusetts, and carried two hundred miles into the interior, at an expense of three to four dollars per bushel. Ohio banks. The bank of Steubenville, the Farmers and Mechanics bank at Steubenville, and the bank of Mount Pleasant, in Ohio, have resumed specie payments. The Western Reserve bank, the bank of Marietta, the bank of Chillicothe, and the Lancaster bank, are said to "continue" to pay specie, as also the St. Clairsville bank, which is winding up its concerns. We would advise every planter, to cultivate at least as much grain as will suffice for his own use; let this be the first object of his attention: this attained he cannot lose money; the surplus of his labor Bank of the U. S. The late orders of the bank of may be applied to the cultivation of cotton and to- the U. S. to their office at Washington City, to force bacco, and is so much clear gain-but what profit the payment of debts lying over, does not seem to can a plantation afford, even if cotton were 50 cents be well relished by the good people of the district a pound, so long as the whole product must be ap--and complaint is made that five years have been plied to the purchase of provisions, for the support of his family and working hands. From New York Advocate. allowed to certain speculators to pay off their notes. Brokers. There is a great outcry about this very accommodating fraternity of shavers, by some of the THE TIMES. The pressure of the times is now be- Dankers. The banks made the brokers, and in the ginning to be most seriously and dangerously felt. rapid decrease of the former(which we most sincereIn New York, four or five highly respectable and im-ly pray for!)-there will be a rapid diminution of shaportant mercantile houses have stopped payment, ing and shavers. But let not bank-makers growl at and there is reason to fear that the evil will be in- their "legitimate" offspring, the brokers! creased. The rage for speculation has carried them Counterfeits. By the amount received at the office beyond their depth, added to which the extraordina- of the REGISTER, we may reasonably suppose that at ry state of commerce in Europe affords no hope of least one million of dollars, in counterfeit five dolbetter prospects. Under such circumstances, pru-lar notes, on the Marine bank of Baltimore, are dence should dictate to our merchants a cessation of spread through the western country. We return further hazardous enterprize; and by a more judi-a number every week. These notes are easily cious application of their means at home, retrieve their past losses. British dry goods on the decline-good news for the American manufacturer. From the Aurora. detected by those who are acquainted with the genuine bills-butare done well enough to deceive strangers. Some counterfeit tens of this bank, also of the old emission, are met with. The police of New York has published an interLet the American people now turn to the spindle; cepted despatch from a counterfeiter to his partner the day is near at hand, when the cotton planter will in trade, detailing the progress he had inade in mo earnestly desire his cotton to be sold in domestic mart ney-making--he mentions the names of about FIFonly. The price of cotton we hear, has already fal- TY banks, the plates for striking the notes of which len to 10d. and 11d. in England, per lb. and we may he had got engraved, &c. The story is probable expect to hear of its being still lower-British dry enough, for on most of the banks as stated by him, goods have also fallen in proportion to the fall of the we know that counterfeits are in circulation.--The raw material, at the place of manufacture-33 1-3 business of making and passing off such bills is a re to 50 per cent. and will still fall-let the consumer gular affair--thus one speculation begets another; beware how he purchases goods at this time, for he but we do not hear that any company of counterfeitwill soon have to buy domestic goods at a very lowers have yet been incorporated under their proper rate; let the wholesale dealers beware how they buy appellation. of British agents, for they will not be able to pay them; the goods will fall too much upon their shelves to enable them to do so. We reiterate what we have said-there is no safe. ty to the people in general, that is, those not accustomed to handle and observe many and different bank notes, except in refusing to receive any except such as are issued in their neighborhood, or compos ing its common currency. The intention of this communication is to caution the unwary; we are going to have sad times, and plenty of goods under the hammer at any price they will bring. Let the man that can pay twenty shil- Legal tender! We see that certificates to be issu lings take care of himself.-Tom Straddle is almost ed at the mint of the United States, for foreign coin dismounted, and will soon accompany Jack Manches-or bullion deposited therein, are recommended as a ter home. Banking, et cetera. PETER. legal tender, by a writer in the Baltimore Federal Gazette; who would also prohibit the exportation of American coin, and at once bless us with a paper currency. He seems to desire that payment of those Desirable equality. The secretary of the treasu-certificates in money, might be demanded at the end ry has lately dispatched his circulars to the west, of "10 or 20 years" if it should be convenient, in by which every land office in the United States is the mean time, to re-coin the cash or coin the bul authorised to receive payments in such money as is lion! in good credit in the district. We have no objection Bank of England. We have received a devise to urge against this arrangement-on the contrary, for a bank note, published in England by Mr. Hone. we would advise the officers of government to re- On the left are these words "specimen of a bank ceive pay for the public land in any way, and as soon note-not to be imitated. Submitted to the consias they can. But we think the Atlantic states have deration of the bank directors and the inspection of an equal right to participate in the liberality of go-the public." Under these words is the represent |