in power, a machine by which to hold it, in defiance of the people;-causing the bayonet in the hands of a mercenary, to regulate elections, and punish all who will not bend to unfeeling avarice and unprincipled ambition! Gracious heaven!-are such things to be, that fifty men may "ride rough shod, over a ruined people-a great and gallant nation, the pride of the world, and hope of posterity?

Mark the end of it-if a paper currency is adopted, and maturely saddled upon the United States, we never can hope for its extinction,except by a general rising of the people, a desperate resort to first principles, by the power of the ballot or the force of the sword. Indeed we want language to express the feelings with which we deprecate the adoption of the British paper system; believing it an immutable law, that like causes must produce like effects, and attributing nearly all the wars and distresses of that country, the present vast distinction between her rich and poor, the mighty elevation of knaves and base prostration of honest men, to that system, first fully developed under the administration of William Pitt, and now so perfected under Castlereagh, that acknowledged bribery even of a member of parliament, is no longer regarded a crime!

The gratification which this occasion affords me, is the greater, because the actual state of things permits me to maintain my fixed purpose to deal faithfully with you and the public, and yet to give free indulgence to my inclination, in awarding to our professors and teachers, a just tribute of commendation for their skill, fidelity and success in their respective departments;-and to our students and scholars the degree of praise which they justly deserve.

A detailed account is furnished for your inspection, in the several reports from the different departments, to which you will refer for personal and individual notices.

The moral deportment, as well as the improvement in literature of any young gentleman of whom ' distinct information may be sought, will there be found described with sufficient precision.

To give you my ideas of the prospects of our college, I cannot do better, than to lay before your con sideration, the strong claims upon public confidence to which, in my opinion, our professors are enti tled.

To such as are acquainted with the abilities and success, in the communication of mathematical It is only about thirty years since the perfection of knowledge, which characterize professor Blackthe paper system in England. During this time, the burn, it is sufficient to say that he is with us, and taxes upon the people have risen from 15 or 16 mil- continues to exert himself, with his usual skill and lions to nearly seventy, and the public debt increas-fidelity in his department. It is due to his merit, ed more than five hundred millions, sterling. The however, that I should add a good deal more. interest and cost of this debt is now more than the double of the sum which the people of England paid for all national purposes about 30 years ago, and it is fixed forever upon the country, unless shaken off by a revolution-the idea of paying it is not entertained by any one.

This great rise of taxation shews us how much a people can bear, how great a sum they can raise, when nearly the whole profit of labor, beyond the meanest subsistence, is drawn into the public treasury. There are hundreds of thousands of persons, perhaps, in England, who after severely working 12 or 14 hours in a day,go nearly supperless to bed; who, not one day in twenty, enjoy the boasted "roast beef of Old England"- -and of those elasses which, before the abominable system prevailed in its present glory, were well fed, clad, and contented.

These are some of the results of such a paper currency as is GRAVELY recommended to the freemen of the United States!!!

Education.

The insertion of the following exposé of the president, naturally follows a passing remark which we made respecting the system of education practised at ASBURY COLLEGE. We shall, at all times, be ready to notice similar institutions, devoted to such sublime purposes, whenever we have room to do it-especially those wherein the great business of education is simplified by a careful observation of the science of the human mind; on which we believe, the progress of youth very materially depends.

TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE ASBURY COLLEGE.

The former reputation of this able professor was obtained, by giving instruction to young gentlemen grown up to maturity, and having the advantage of an education preparatory for college. In this institution he has achieved a much more Herculean task. Here, by the extraordinary efficiency of his skilful manner, youths, though before badly taught, and though but twelve, fourteen or fifteen years of age, have made a degree of progress which would do credit to young men of twenty one. Within the short period during which this seminary has been in operation, his senior class has finished the following course, viz. The elements of Euclid or common geometry;-this in his own method of demonstation, which is similar to that in use in the schools of France.

Common Algebra;-as far as equations of the third degree.

Logarithms;-their use, together with a full explanation of the general principles upon which they are made;-as also of the tables of Sines, Tangents, Secants, &c.

Plane Trigonometry;--the principles and demonstration of all the rules, together with the application of them to practical uses; and also various methods of solution, by which the same results may be obtained.

The measurement of heights and distances. Surveying;-including the art of mapping and calculating by lattitude and departure; the division of land, and the practical use of the compass in the field.

Mensuration of planes and solids;-including all that is necessary for artists;-the rationale of all the rules demonstrated.

GENTLEMEN-In the discharge of one of the important duties, which in your wisdom you have as- Spherics all the rules for the solution of prosigned to me as president of this institution, I lay be-blems in right angled and oblique angled spherical fore you my report, respecting the operations of the trigonometry;-also the demonstration of every ne college during the past year, which ended on the first cessary goniometrical property. of this present month of March;-together with my Spherics applied to astronomical problems;-the idea of the prospect before us. And this I should various methods of finding the lattitude;-lunar dishave done ten days earlier, but was necessarily ab-tances;-the time;-the magnetic variations, &c. sent on the business of the college.

&c

Common Navigation;-day's works or the keeping of a journal at sea.

Application of Algebra to common geometry, and in part to conic sections.

The binomial theorem applied to series, &c. Fluxions;-so much of them,as will enable a learner to pursue the study without the aid of the teacher, if inclination or interest should ever induce him to resume the subject.

All this and a variety of other matters not taken into this account, as also a considerable portion of the calculations pertaining to natural philosophy, has been effectually accomplished. The students were prepared to work indiscriminately, any problem which was designated by the gentlemen present at the examination, though free to select out of some hundreds, those which they might think best calculated to test their strength:-the young genmen gave very satisfactory proofs that they comprehended the course. Of the class, a majority were youths of from about fourteen to sixteen years of

it remains yet to be noticed, that these pupils, whose praises in their mathematical studies cannot easily be sounded upon a strain above their merit, have devoted half their time and attention to the study of classical literature; a fact which would seem to be perhaps incredible to any person not acquainted with the skill of our professors and the unusual efficiency of our plan of instruction.

t

Greek Testament considerable selections from the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles, and in profane authors a part of the Græca Minora.

His second or middle class, in Greek have read since the first of March twelve months, a part of the Græca Minora, comprising select fables, Lucian's dialogues; Tabula Cebetis; also selections from the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles and part of Xenophon.

His first or senior class, during the same period, have read the appointed portion of Xenophon's Cy ropædia, the first six books of Homer's Illiad, and Longinus's treatise on the sublime. This class con sisted of three, and one of the three is to be reckoned amongst the distinguished mathematicians. As in the Latin, so also in the Greek, the greater part of the middle class, appertain to the junior class in the mathematics.

From this representation it will appear to good juriges, that the progress in the two departments has been so considerable that either of the two, with out the other, would generally be thought unusually successful. And yet, rapid as this advancement may appear, nothing is done in a careless or superficial manner. In the classical department the students are instructed to attend carefully to the etymology of the words;-to examine their roots, derivations, compounds, declensions, and variations. They are taught to analyse the sentences;-to know the rela tion, government, agreement and order of the words, so that the meaning, strength or beauty of the author may be distinctly observed.

Biographical, historical and geographical facts and circumstances are noticed. The beauties of the poet, the precision of the historian, or the glowing The professor of languages, Mr. Power, has like-fires of the orator, are made subjects of their obserwise given the most satisfactory proofs of his abili-vation, and frequently become fruitful sources of ty to hold a very conspicuons place in our college. intellectual amusement. His manner is energetic, and his skill and zeal are Military, moral, civil and political sketches are exadequate to the important task which is assigned to amined, and treated in a manner calculated to exhim. And, by a harmonious co-operation with tend the information of the pupil; at the same time the professor of mathematics, he has succeeded in that his taste is refined, his virtuous affections chehis attempts to excite and maintain in his pupils,rished, and his judgment improved and strength. though half their time is engaged in another depart- ened.

ment, a taste for the classics and a correspond- By a due attention to such exercises as these, we ing degree of emulation to excel in classical learn-expect to contribute our mite towards the common ing, which redound much to the honor of the pro-stock of sound literature in the United States; and fessor and to the praise of his classes.

His junior Latin class commenced with the Latin grammar on the second day of March last;-twelve months since. Within the year, in addition to the above course of mathematics, they have read, besides the little books introductory to a classical course, Cæsar's Commentaries; the conspiracy of Cataline, and the war with Jugurtha of Sallust; the Eclogues and the first three books of the Eneid of Virgil, and Cicero's Orations against Cataline.

to assist in removing out of the way those stumbling blocks of Latin and Greek stupidity, which led our great countryman, Dr. Rush, hastily and improperly, to lend the weight of his character to those superfi cial pretenders, whose labors have served too much to multiply just complaints against the literary institutions of our country.

In this laudable design, we expect much assistance from Doctor Hunter, whom you lately elected professor of Belles Lettres in our college. This learnHis second or middle class, within the same pe-ed gentleman, as you know, is a graduate of the uniriod, have read in Latin, the conspiracy of Cataline and the war with Jugurtha by Sallust; the Eclogues and first six books of the Eneid of Virgil; Select Orations of Cicero; and the Odes, Epodes, Satires and Epistles of Horace.

The greater proportion of this class, however, pertain to the junior class of mathematicians.

versity of Edinburg, and is considered by the faculty an acquisition of much importance to the institution. His ability as a teacher of that elegant and important part of literature, which pertains to his chair, is the greater, in consequence of his very perfect acquain ap-ance with the Greek, Latin and French languages:He is thereby prepared to collate the most striking and beautiful idioms of those languages, and to make them all tributary to his own. His ability o teach' the French, which becomes a part of his duty, is the ntore deserving of notice, in conseque having added to a very critical acquaintance with the best French authors, all the advantages of a residence with French families of distinction, for the space of seven or more years. 1

His first or senior class, have read, within the same period, the Select Satires of Juvenal and Persius; Tully's Offices,--books first, second, and third, to the end of the. Formula Stoicorum, Five books of Livy, and a considerable portion of Tacitus.

His junior class in the Greek language, having begun about six months ago, in addition to the Latin abore detailed as the work of the junior Latin class, and the maturematical course, have also read in the

of his

We are indebted to the professor of surgery in

the university of Maryland, for our introduction to Dr. Hunter. They were fellow students at Edinburg, where Doctor Gibson became acquainted with his talents; and the professor of surgery, having been informed of our determination to labor for the advancement of literature, was desirous to add to ourstrength.

which subsists between the weights and measures of the different states, is certainly less than might have been expected under such circumstances; but it is not inconsiderable.

The documents which accompany this report, show a difference of 51 grains between the pound weights at Baltimore and Philadelphia; and one of Whilst making this acknowledgment of obliga- them affords evidence, that some banks have used tion to one of the professors of the university of weights for money, which are considerably lighter Maryland, I should feel myself guilty of much ingra- than those of the mint Our information on the titude, were I to withhold that tribute of respect, discordance of measures, is less precise and auther.which we owe also to others of that learned body, tic; but (although the committee has been disapLaudably engaged in giving public instruction to pointed in the hope of obtaining satisfactory comyoung gentlemen destined for the profession of me-parison between those of different states) yet the dicine, and having secured a character to their insti- greater difficulties in the comparison of measures tution, not inferior to that of the best medical schools of capacity, than of weights, and the known equaliin the U. States, they have given ample proof of their ty between the English models, from which our attachment to the common cause. Knowing, howe-measures were originally taken, do not allow us to ver, the great importance of a good education, as doubt, that the difference of measures in the Unitpreparatory to the successful study of medicine, ed States is still greater than that of weights. they have favored us with a marked attention. Five. of the seven have witnessed our examinations; and, whilst we think it a privilege to boast of patrons so distinguished, we are not a little gratified in being able to appeal to them for the reality of the above representations. SAM'L. K. JENNINGS. M. D. Baltimore, March 15, 1819.

Weights and Measures.

Report of a select committee of the house of representatives, upon the subject of fixing a standard of weights and measures.

Mr. Lowndes, from the committee appointed to enquire whether it be expedient to make any amendment in the laws which regulate the coins of the United States, and foreign coins, having been instructed also to enquire into the expediency of fixing the standard of weights and measures, have obtained, on the latter subject, nearly all the information which they had expected to procure during the present session of congress, and submitted their report:

The measures used in surveying the lands of the United States, are all compared, as the committee, have understood, with a brass chain, made under the direction of Mr. Rittenhouse. But, in general, the officers of the United States employ the weights and measures which are established, or rather used, in the districts in which they live. The changes which have been made by custom in the weights and measures of the United States, are such as add to their simplicity. We have discontinued the use of many English weights and measures, and have introduced no new ones.

Of the weights, we use the pound and ounce avoirdupois, and the Troy grain, with the pennyweight; and for medicine, the scruple and drachm. The Troy pound and ounce have been discontinued.

Of lineal measures, we use generally the inch, foot, yard, fathom, perch or pole, furlong, mile and league.

We have discontinued the barleycorn, palm, link, nail, span, cubit and pace,

For dry measure of capacity, we use the pint, quart, gallon, peck and bushel.

We have discontinued the pottle, loom, quarter,

Of liquid measures, we have discontinued the ale and beer measure, and apply to all liquids the Eng1lish wine measure.

We use the gill, pint, quart and gallon, We have discontinued the rundlet.

In a superficial measure, we use the inch, font, yard, pole, rood and acre; and have discontinued the pace.

For the measurement of firewood, we use the English cord; and for coal, the common bushel heaped. We have discontinued the chaldron.

The weights and measures in use in all the states of the union, have been derived from Eng and. In Louisiana they were, until lately, French; but a re-weigh, and last. cent law has established such as conform to those of the other states. The laws of the colonies, before the revolution, evidence some attention to their regulation; but since that event, there have been very few legislative provisions upon the subject, in any of the states. But the highly commercial character of the people; their frequent changes of residence, and the absence of feudal institutions, have prevented the establishment of those local usages which are so embarrassing to the internal trade of most of the states of Europe. Although in some of the United States there are no laws for the regulation of weights and measures, and very defective laws in the others, yet is there more uniformity in the composition and division, both of weights and measures, in the United States, than there was in France, before the adoption of her new metrical system, or than there is in England now. Indeed, he must be a negligent observer of the manners, the legislation, and even the language of the country, who does not remark the strong tendency to uniformity which prevails every where throughout it. This circumstance facilitates the establishment of a national standard of weights and measures, without superseding its necessity. Where standards are established by the laws of the states, they are, in general, such as exist in a foreign country, and are inconsistent with each other. The difference

The committee are unanimous in the opinion, that this subject ought not to be left to uncertain usages, or to the various laws of particular states. They will not enlarge upon its importance. Commercial credit is well secured in every part of this country, by enforcing the punctual performance of contracts. But commerce itself could hardly subsist, unless some security were given (beside the judgment of the purchaser) that the article which he buys is of the quantity which the seller describes; that the weight of measure which is employed, is fair. The duty of providing this security has been devolved, by the constitution, upon congress; and the committee express, with great respect, their opinion, that it should not be neglected any longer. It has been frequently proposed in foreign countries, "to employ, as the fundamental unit of all

measures, a type which should be taken from nature," and be exempt from the alterations to which arbitrary standards are exposed. In execution of this plan, the government of France has employed, as the base of its system of measures, that arc of the terrestrial meridian passing through Paris, which is contained between the equator and the north pole. It has adopted the ten millionth part of this arc as the unit of measures of length, calling it the metre, and deducting from it all its other measures and weights. It has taken, as the unit of superficial measures, the arc, or square of ten metres, as the unit of measures of capacity, both for liquids and dry goods-the litre, or cube of the tenth part of the metre; as the unit of measures particularly intended for firewood, the stere, or cubic metre; and as the unit of weight the gramme, or absolute weight of a volume of pure water, in its state of greatest density, equal to the cube of the hundredth part of the metre.

ways uniform." These advantages were held to jus tify the expectation that the standard established in France would become the universal standard among civilized nations.

But the plan of obtaining an invariable standard from nature is of no easy execution. The type of such a standard should be equally accessible to all nations. This, indeed, the system is admitted to require. But the figure of the earth is irregular to observation. We do not know that gravitation is uniform in different longitudes though in the same latitude, nor that the different meridians are similar, nor even that the two hemispheres on each side of the equator are equal. If the establishment of the same meridian be proposed, or for the pendulum the same longitude and latitude, it will follow that every country but one, must verify its standard in a foreign state. If the figure of the earth be irregular the extent of that part of the meridional arc which is obtained by computation, must be uncertain, and even in ascertaining the part which is submitted to actual measurement the most perfect instruments, and the highest experience, have left the accuracy of such a process in some doubt. The improvement which has been lately proposed in the use of the pendulum seems likely to make it more sensible but not more uniform, and it is singular that respecThe establishment of a standard of weights and table authorities differ by more than half an inch measures, which should be deducted from an inva- (59-100) as to the length of the pendulum which riable type in nature, has been more than once dis- will vibrate seconds at the same level and at the vecussed in the English parliament; but nothing defi-ry latitude (that of 45) which has been proposed nitive has yet been done in it.

The standard metre is placed on a rod of platina, and a killogramme of platina, (equal to a thousand grammes) has been declared by a law of 1800, to be the standard of weight.

The government of the Netherlands has lately adopted the French system, without material modification.

In the United States, although the matter has been recommended to congress by successive presidents, no progress has been made in determining upon a standard of weights and measures, beyond that of receiving a report from the first secretary of state, Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Jefferson considers matter by its mere extension, as furnishing nothing invariable; and its motion as the only remaining resource. He proposes the length of a metallic rod, which shall vibrate seconds of mean time at the level of the ocean, in the 45th parallel of north latitude, as a foundation of a system of measures for the United States. The committee abstain from the free quotations which they would otherwise make from this report, on the presumption that its principal views are in the memory of the house,

They do not know that any attempt at a general reform of weights and measures has of late been made in any other country.

The efforts to establish natural standards sufficiently prove the sense entertained of their advantages. These are strongly stated in the report of a commission of the French institute, to which the subject had been referred by their government "on the measurement of degrees of the meridian in France, and on the results which have been deduced from it for the determination of the basis of the the new system of measures."

"It is the essential advantage," they say, "of this system, that even if all the standards should be destroyed or annihilated, leaving no other trace but the knowledge that one of them was the ten millionth part of the quarter of the terrestrial meridian, and the other the quantity of water taken in its state of greatest density, and contained in the cube of the tenth part of the first unity; the primitive value of both might be yet recovered."

for the regulating pendulum. If, however,on either plan a fixed proportion be established by law, between the standard and a natural type, the standard itself, whose name and office imply immutability, must change with every corrected estimate of the type which is its base. The first standard of the French measures was accordingly declared to be provisional.

Whether standards derived from the natural types which have been proposed, have all the advantages which have been attributed to them, seems therefore to be questionable. And the inconveniences of change are not small. If a difference between the measures of two neighboring towns afford opportunities for fraud, how much greater must these be, when entirely new measures are first introduced through a whole country. We have reason, from the experience of France, to think that these will be adopted slowly and imperfectly; partially in some places, and in all with the confusion which results from obtaining both the old names, and the old divisions, and giving them a a new and a double meaning. It is obvious in such a case, whatever benefits uniformity and system may give to posterity, that the present age must pay no scanty price for them. The difference between the weights and measures of the several provinces of France was so great, that uniformity could not have been obtained without violent innovations. But such is not their condition in the U. S.

The principal advantage of deducing a standard of measure from an invariable type in nature, is represented to be, that, in the event of its loss or destruction, it may be restored without variation. But the proportion which either natural or arbitrary standards bear to any object of invariable magnitude, which nature may be thought to furnish, may be ascertained with equal accuracy; the restoration Of the particular system adopted by France, they of either, therefore, must be equally practicable, observe, that its parts are all intimately connected The old toise, although not an aliquot part of the with each other, all dependent upon the primitive terrestrial meridian, may be as well obtained as the type, and its multiples and subdivisions follow a pro-metre, which is supposed to be so, by the measuregression natural, simple, easily understood, and al- ment of a meridional arc.

On the whole, the committee believe it best, at and the aliquot parts of those above them, may be least in the circumstances of this country, to adopt inconvenient, and is certainly not systematic. But absolute standards, conformed to the weights and the inconvenience is not great. There is the same measures which are in most general use among us.defect in the coins in common use. The quarters If it be thought necessary to provide by law for the of a dollar are not multiplies of a dime, nor the loss of these standards, the provision may be formed eighths multiplies of a cent. The eighths of a dolon the basis of the best experiment, and the exact-lar indeed are foreign coins, but the irregularity is est science, which the country can now command, found to be of little consequence. and without change of standard, this provision may the committee think, that the defect in the scbe varied whenever the advancement of science ries of weights can produce no real embarrassment, shall furnish a better process. if we have a uniform pound, with sub-divisions deThe committee will therefore confine the propo-scending regularly to the 64th part of the pound sals which they shall submit to the house, to the object of the first plan proposed by Mr. Jefferson, to render uniform and stable the measures (and weights) which we already possess."

or quarter ounce; if we have a uniform grain, which is an aliquot part of a pound, (7,000th) and of the eighth of the pound, or double ounce, and which bears to the ounce a proportion, which, though exIn pursuance of this view, they propose that mo- pressed by a fraction, is represented, aud may be asdels of the yard, bushel, wine gallon, and pound, certained, by weights in common use, (18 dita. 54 supposed to conform to those in most common use grs. or 7 drms. 25 grs. or 437 grs.) Small, howin the United States, shall be made under the direc-ever, as the defect is, if it can be removed without tion of a commission of persons to be selected inconvenience, it ought not to be overlooked. They by the president of the United States, and if satis- know no better plan for removing it, than that sugfactory to congress, that they shall be declared the gested by Mr. Jefferson. standard yard, bushel, liquid gallon, and pound of the United States.

If these standards shall be adopted for our measures, the law which will establish them will determine how greater or less measures shall be formed from them. There is no variety in the composition of these in the different states, and, in the opinion of the committee, no adequate motive for proposing a change. There will consequently be no difficulty in this regulation.

This is substantially to divide the pound into 6,912 instead of 7,000 grains, and the ounce into 18, instead of 20 pennyweights. The grain would be increased by this plan by about 1 1-3 per cent, the pennyweight by somewhat less. The eagle would contain 3 less of the new than of our present grains; or, if it were thought important that it should contain the same number of grains, its value would be about 12 cents greater. In medicine, it may be feared that the knowledge that there was a change, might produce some uneasiness in those who could not exactly estimate its extent; nor would it much improve the system of apothecaries' weights, since, though it would make the grain an aliquot part of the ounce, neither the scruple nor the drachm would be so.

As to weights, there seems to be no strong objection to confirming the change which general usage has made, by giving up, as is recommended by Mr. Jefferson, the pound and ounce Troy, and the quarter and drachm avoirdupois. The pound Troy has been alone disused; there is no coin as heavy as a Troy ounce, and no coin of the United States, as The committee think it best that the pound and heavy as an ounce avoirdupois. The silver or gold the grain, which may be considered for different contained in the largest coins is stated generally in purposes, as both units of weight, should be changgrains, without the use of any higher denomination. ed nor be suspected of being so. They propose, In the sale of drugs or bullion, indeed, large weights therefore, that the commission should ascertain the are necessary; but drugs are now sold by avoirdu-proportion between the grain and the pound, and pois weight: and the suppression of the pound and that that proportion should be maintained unalterouace Troy will produce no change in the weights able. used for bullion in the United States, as these are now multiplies of the pennyweight as far as five thousand. But if it were not so, neither the mint, the banks, nor the merchants who deal with them, can be embarrassed by employing in their large transactions, not a new weight, but the common pound and ounce of the country.

In respect to the composition of small weights, it seems proper that the discordance between the use of the hundred and the long hundred, (or 100 and 112 lbs.) and their divisions, should be removed, and of the two set of weights, that of the hundred pound, and its divisions, is the simpler and the better. As to weights above the hundred, except the ton of shipping, they are properly but the names of vessels of capacity, of no very determinate contents, and ought not to be recognized as weights.

If we suppose the proportion between the common pound of the United States, and the grain used in money and medicine, to be one to 7,000, we shall probably not be materially wrong. It is the differ- The modes of measurement, the allowances and ence ascertained between those weights in England, tares which are used in the different states, require from which our weights were derived originally, correction as well as the measures themselves. The and observations made, as the committee believe, subject was brought to the view of the house by a with great care at the bank of the United States, report of the secretary of the treasury, in January give 7,000 grains of the weight of that bank as last, but in that laborious session there was not time equal to the pound used in the most commercial to undertake it. It will still be better to defer the city of the United States, (New York.) Assuming provisions which it may require, until they can be this proportion, it will follow, that of weights that included in the law which shall establish the stanare in use below a pound avoirdupois, (if we omit dards. the drachm and quarter avoirdupois, and the pound In fixing standards of weights and measures, it and ounce Troy) the ounce, the scruple and the will be proper that congress shall de crmine the grain are aliquot parts of the pound, the penny- means which shall be employed for their preservaweight and drachm are not so; nor are the drachm, tion, and perhaps, as connected with this object, for pennyweight, scruple, or grain, aliquot parts of the their restoration, if they shall be lost; for the distriounce. The want of a series in which all the weights|bution of models with which the weights and meashould be multiplies of those which are below them, sures employed in commerce may be compared,