The Undeclared Sino-French War Over Vietnam from 1882-1885

According action Admiral Courbet Affaires Affaires du Tonkin agree arms arrived asked attack August authorities Bac-Ninh beginning Black Flags blockade cannon Captain caused China Chinese government Chinese troops citadel Cochin-China Colonies Commander continued Court December decided delta demand Despite Diplomatiques directed Dupuis Emperor especially evacuation Ferry fighting finally fire forces Foreign forts Fournier France Francis Garnier French Government French troops frontier Garnier Governor Haiphong Hanoi Harmand imperial important June land later March ment military Minister mission moved naval Navy negotiations occupied officials operation Paris peace Peking ports position presented protect protectorate province question reached received Red River River Delta Rivière route Saigon sent signed Sino-French situation soldiers Son-Tay South southern stationed tion Tongking trade treaty tried Tseng Viet-Nam Vietnamese Yünnan