LED for Lighting ApplicationsLight Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are no longer confined to use in commercial signage and have now moved firmly, and with unquestioned advantages, into the field of commercial and domestic lighting. This development was prompted in the late 1980s by the invention of the blue LED, a wavelength that had previously been missing from the available LED spectrum and which opened the way to providing white light. Since that point, LED performance (including energy efficiency) has improved dramatically, and now compares with the performance of fluorescent lights - and there remain further performance improvements yet to be delivered. The book begins with the principles of LED lighting, then focuses on issues and challenges. Chapters are devoted to key steps in LED manufacturing: substrate, epitaxy, process and packaging. Photoelectric characterization of LEDs, Lighting with LEDs and the imposition of a certain level of color quality, are the subject of later chapters, and finally there is a detailed discussion of the emergence of OLEDs, or organic LEDs, which have specific capabilities of immediate interest and importance in this field. |
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內容
Chapter 1 LightEmitting Diodes Principles and Challenges | 1 |
Chapter 2 Substrates for IIINitridebased Electroluminescent Diodes | 29 |
Chapter 3 IIINitride HighBrightness LightEmitting Diodes | 75 |
Chapter 4 Diode Processing | 99 |
Chapter 5 Packaging | 123 |
Chapter 6 Photoelectric Characterization of Electroluminescent Photodiodes | 165 |
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achieved alloy Applied Physics Letters blue LEDs carrier chromatic coalescence color rendering color temperature Colorimetry components configuration crystal defined depends deposition devices dislocation density doping efficiency electric field electroluminescent electron emission emitting diode encapsulant energy epitaxial etching exciton fabrication Figure film first fluorescent GaN layer heat dissipation High Brightness HVPE illuminance InGaN InGaN/GaN injection interconnection interface junction temperature lamp laser laser diodes lattice LED chip light extraction light sources light-emitting diodes lighting systems lm/W luminous flux material measurement metallic metalorganic method mismatch molecules motherboard MOVPE nitride obtained ohmic contact OLED optical optoelectronics organic organic semiconductors p-n junction p-type packaging parameters phosphor photometric photons polarization polymer radiation reflectance refractive index samples sapphire semiconductor silicon solder specific spectral spectral power distribution spectrum structure substrate surface technique thermal conductivity thermal resistance thickness vertical voltage wavelength white LEDs white light