Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture, 第 911 卷﹔第 1949 卷Beacon Press, 1955 - 220 頁 An essential reference for all game designers, this 1938 classic is “a fascinating account of ‘man the player’ and the contribution of play to civilization” (Harper’s) In this classic evaluation of play that has become a “must-read” for those in game design, Dutch philosopher Johan Huizinga defines play as the central activity in flourishing societies. Like civilization, play requires structure and participants willing to create within limits. Starting with Plato, Huizinga traces the contribution of Homo Ludens, or “man the player” through Medieval Times, the Renaissance, and into our modern civilization. Huizinga defines play against a rich theoretical background, using cross-cultural examples from the humanities, business, and politics. Homo Ludens defines play for generations to come. |
內容
NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PLAY AS A CULTURAL | 1 |
THE PLAYCONCEPT AS EXPRESSED IN LANGUAGE | 28 |
PLAY AND CONTEST AS CIVILIZING FUNCTIONS | 46 |
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18th century aesthetic agon agonistic agonistic principle ancient animal answer archaic culture Aristotle battle called ceremonial characteristics of play Chinese civilization competition conception connection contest custom dancing divine drumming-matches duel Dutch Ehrenberg element English Eskimo expression feast festival form of play function German Germanic languages Greek Gylfaginning hence holy HOMO LUDENS honour human idea ideal instance judgement judicial duel justice King koani Langobards languages lawsuit magic Mahābhārata means mediaeval modern myth Nāgasena nature noble Old Frisian Old Norse ordeal origin Paideia philosophy Plato play and seriousness play-character play-concept play-element play-factor play-forms play-function play-quality play-sphere playful poetic poetry potlatch pre-Islamic Arabia primitive purely question regarded religious riddle ritual Roman root rules sacred savage semantic sense serious significance Skáldskaparmál slanging-match social songs sophist sphere spirit theme thing tion tournaments tribes virtue wager Werner Jaeger whole winning word word play